FOOD INTOLERANCE NETWORK
FACTSHEET
![]()
Ribo
Rash (flavour enhancer 635 or ribonucleotides
E635, 627, 631)
Welcome to our special feature on the effects of new additive ribonucleotides (flavour enhancer
635, a mixture of 631disodium guanylate and
627disodium inosinate), which cause what we call Ribo Rash.
This set of additives seems to be very different from all other
additives. As well as the usual effects of food additives (such as children's
behaviour problems, headaches, heart palpitations, irritable bowel symptoms)
this group can cause an unbearably itchy rash or welts and/or possibly
life-threatening swelling of the lips and tongue up to 48 hours after consumption.
The rash can come and go and last for up to two weeks and can affect people who
have never in their lives before suffered from itchy rashes.
The delayed long-lasting reaction means that most people don't realise
the cause of their symptoms. Some consumers have suffered an unbearably itchy
rash for years before identifying these additives as a problem. In some people
and possibly unborn babies, a reaction to 635 seems to have triggered severe
multiple food intolerance.
Flavour enhancer
635 (ribonucleotides) was approved in
As a group, these additives are known collectively as ribonucleotides, nucleotides or scientifically as 'the 5
prime nucleotides'. In the
Effects of MSG increased
10-15 times
Scientists have recently found that the flavour
enhancing effect of MSG is increased up to 10 to 15 times when MSG is used in
combination with ribonucleotides. See 'Yeast
Extracts: production, properties and components' by Rolf Sommer,
paper given at the 9th International Symposium on Yeasts, Sydney, August 1996, www.ohly.de/publications/publications.html.
'No added MSG'
MSG (monosodium glutamate) is normally listed as flavour
enhancer 621, but can also be listed as hydrolysed
vegetable protein (HVP), hydrolysed plant protein
(HPP), 'yeast extract' or even 'natural flavour'. Many products claiming no added MSG will contain ribonucleotides as well as a source of natural glutamates.
Not for babies and young
children
Ribonucleotides are not
permitted in foods intended specifically for infants and young children, and
people who must avoid purines for conditions such as
gout are advised to avoid these additives.
Reactions
Reactions to nucleotides can range from a single itchy
rash to life-threatening swelling of the lips and tongue. If you eat these
additives once a week or more, you may appear to have a chronic rash. You don't
need a history of rashes or food allergy. Anyone can be affected. Some people
are affected by the more usual reactions to food additives – irritability,
children’s behaviour problems, headaches, irritable bowel symptoms - but what
makes these additives different is the number of rash reactions in people who
are usually affected in other ways.
Reactions to ribonucleotides are difficult to
identify because they are not a true allergy. They can occur within minutes or
can be delayed for hours or even days.
![]()
DIAGNOSIS
Most doctors, allergists and dermatologists appear to have no knowledge
of the effects of these additives.
Symptoms have been variously misdiagnosed as a virus (including
chickenpox and pityriasis), psoriasis, shingles,
chronic eczema, dermatitis, dandruff, allergy to soaps and detergents, food
allergy "but it could be any one of a thousand foods, you'll never work it
out", a "non-specific reaction which will eventually disappear",
hypersensitive vasculitis, allergy to sunlight (rash
on face and neck), pregnancy, menopause, 'emotional', foot-and-mouth disease
(rash inside mouth), ideopathic anaphylaxis, and
"it couldn't be a food additive because the reaction wouldn't last that
long".
![]()
WHAT TO LOOK FOR
1. You are any age, either sex.
2. You may have never noticed a reaction to food before.
3. Your reaction may be:
* itch without rash
* mild to severe itchy rash (the
itch may be unbearable and prevent sleep)
* mild to severe swelling of the
lips, throat and eyes (technically called angioedema)
with or without rash. Swelling of the lips, throat and tongue can interfere
with breathing - seek medical help.
* loss of consciousness due to the
above
* other common food intolerance
symptoms, such as irritability, children's behaviour problems, difficulty
falling asleep, headaches, irritable bowel symptoms including sudden diarrhoea,
and alarming heart palpitations
4. You have eaten foods containing 635, 627 or 631 minutes or up to 48
hours or more (can be the previous day or two) before the onset of the
symptoms.
5. You may have eaten these foods before safely but in smaller
quantities or the food manufacturers may have just starting using these
additives.
6. The rash can last for a week or two or even longer. It may come and
go and travel over the body during that time.
7. If you eat products containing 635, 627 or 631 at least once week,
you will appear to have a chronic condition which can last for years.
8. Breastfed babies can be affected by this additive passing through
breastmilk. The rash may be misdiagnosed as infantile eczema.
9. After you have suffered a 635 reaction, you may find you have developed
a sensitivity to other food chemicals. You may need to do a full low-chemical
elimination diet to find out which other food chemicals cause problems. Ask for
our list of experienced dietitians and further information from confoodnet@ozemail.com.au.
![]()
WHICH FOODS?
Look for 635, 627 and 631 in tasty processed foods such as:
· instant noodles, flavoured chips, CCs corn
chips
· flavoured (eg BBQ,
chicken) biscuits and rice crackers
· packet or canned soups or stocks and stock cubes
· pies, party pies, sausage rolls
· some instant mashed potato
· seasoning in the stuffing of supermarket fresh chickens
· flavouring salt added to hot chips or rotisseried chickens
· flavour added to frozen turkey
· pre-prepared or instant sauces, gravies and meals
· salad dressing, Greenseas salsa-flavoured tuna
· Devondale Light with Calcium
· pasta meals including macaroni cheese
· marinated meat from your butcher
· sausages from your supermarket or butcher
· some fast foods such as chicken, chips, batter for fish, Hungry Jack's
vegie burger
. check even fresh chicken labels closely as there have been some recent
reports
. seafood extenders
In the
![]()
REACTIONS ARE RELATED TO DOSE
You may be able to eat a certain quantity of these additives - eg a packet of flavoured chips
every day - safely, but just a small amount more may cause a big reaction.
![]()
WHAT YOU CAN DO
Avoid ribonucleotides, sodium guanylate or sodium inosinate (flavour enhancers 635, 627 or 631). Some people find they
do better if they avoid all 600 numbers including MSG 621. You will have to:
* read labels
* ask about ingredients in fresh unlabelled foods such as sausages,
sandwiches and prepared meats
* phone restaurants before you visit (ask to speak to the chef)
* talk to your child's teachers and carers
* teach your child which foods to avoid at parties and when visiting
friends
![]()
IF AFFECTED:
* Calamine lotion
* White antihistamine tablets like Claratyne. Telfast is OK too.
* If you are desperate, your doctor can prescribe cortisone cream. Some
people need oral steroids or adrenaline.
* Tell us. We are keeping a register of reactions. We have been lobbying
the national food authority (FSANZ) to investigate the effects of ribonucleotides for years.
* Tell others.
* Politely inform the food supplier or manufacturer of your reaction. They
will probably deny it, tell you to consult your doctor (who almost certainly
knows nothing about these reactions) and possibly be very rude, but the more
complaints they get, the more they are likely to listen.
![]()
LOOK BACK
Reactions can occur up to 48 hours or more after eating this additive.
One woman ate rotisseried chicken on Friday evening,
started itching in bed on Saturday night and got up on Sunday morning to find
she was covered in an unbearable itchy rash. She blamed the food last eaten
(Saturday night's meal) and phoned to enquire about preservative in wine. It
was only when we went back through everything eaten in the last two days that
we found the culprit.
WHY ARE THESE ADDITIVES PERMITTED?
Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ, www.foodstandards.com.au)
is in charge of approving food additives. FSANZ acknowledges that a certain
percentage of the population will suffer adverse reactions to food additives.
FSANZ policy is that people who are affected should read labels and avoid the
food additives which affect them. Although this sounds reasonable,
unfortunately, the majority of people who are affected by ribonucleotides
- and their health advisors - don't realise the cause of their problem and
therefore can't choose to avoid them.
WHO CAN YOU COMPLAIN TO?
At present in
We recommend you report your reaction politely
to the manufacturer of the product. They are likely to deny the effect, but in
the long term they will change.
FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT FOOD INTOLERANCE
Other additives and natural food chemicals can also cause rashes. For
more information, see www.fedup.com.au.
![]()
Reader reports
Commercial rotisseried chicken
The latest report of a reaction to flavour
enhancer 635 involves commercial rotisseried chicken.
Remember that reactions can occur up to 30 hours later or more. A woman ate rotisseried chicken on Friday evening, started itching in
bed on Saturday night and got up on Sunday morning to find she was covered in
an unbearable itchy rash. Of course she blamed the food last eaten (Saturday
night's meal) and phoned to enquire about preservative in wine. It was only
when we went back through everything eaten in the last two days that we found
the culprit.
"A maddening itch"
In response to the articles I have seen on your website, I am 99% sure
that my 30-year-old husband has a nasty reaction to 635. He had been
complaining of a maddening itch at night on occasion, like he was shedding
skin, and it was almost impossible for him to sleep. The last time it happened
he had eaten Maggi 2-minute noodles earlier in the day.
It was serendipity that a few days earlier I had been researching food
additives in relation to migraines and found mention of the dreaded 635 and
then thought to check the labels on everything he had eaten. We now consciously
avoid anything containing 635, and to date he has been itch free. - Rhonda,
by email
"I'm 56 and another victim of 635"
"Congratulations on an excellent website, I wish I'd found it a few
months ago when I was scratching myself until I was bleeding from the worst
rash I have ever had. Just in case some people think that food additives only
affect children, I'm 56 and another victim of 635.
"I believe that packet soup was what triggered the rash, then
things like BBQ chicken from Woolies, pizza and even KFC, although I can't
prove that it contains 635 (but I bet it does) … The most amazing thing is that
neither my allergist nor my dermatologist had heard of 635. I could have saved
the $1000 that I spent at the specialists. My allergy specialist says I can now
safely eat those foods again because the rash has gone but I won't be charging
into a 635 diet to see if it comes back. Nine months of hell was long enough
for me."
Here is a typical response:
"I ate just a few CC's at a
staff function. Within an hour I had a red rash and itch like that from a
caterpillar inside my right elbow. By the time I went to bed I was scratching
myself all over the armpit and upper body. Having a shower really made it go,
across my chest and up my neck on the right. The next morning at an aerobics
class I had a red rash over my entire right body from the waist up to my neck,
where it formed an unsightly and extremely itchy vivid red high-water mark
around my neck.
"Three days later I still have
lumps and itches in my right armpit and up to my face. I seem to have become
hyper-sensitised to other allergens that rarely
affect me, sneezing, scratching and itching. If I hadn't seen this all happen
to my son I wouldn't believe that it was caused by such a small amount of an
additive. And I know that it will last a week, based on his experience."
And here's one that appears to be anaphylactoid:
"I have a story regarding flavour enhancer 635 from the eight-year old boy next door.
"Last year he ate a pie bought
from a bakery shop near his mother's workplace. Not only did he get the skin
reaction he also suffered a life-threatening anaphylactic-type reaction with
swelling of mouth, tongue and throat. The doctor (fortunately a doctor's
surgery was just around the corner) who treated him said that he was probably a
matter of minutes away from death. He remained on antihistamines for weeks and
missed a lot of school. For days his lips protruded four inches or so! The
family was unable to find out what was in the pie and so the cause of the
reaction remained a mystery.
"A little over a month ago this
child was given two or three CC's by a friend at school. Within a short time
his arms were itching and his chest was covered in red and white wheals. This
reaction was not as severe as the pie incident (the dose was no doubt much
lower). I think that reaction took a week to subside.
"His mother has commented that
this boy has had no problems of this kind until last year, although he does
have a history of mild asthma.
"It wasn't until I was looking through
your web site that I found the more-than-likely culprit. The family is very
grateful. Once again
"THANK YOU! Surely 635 cannot
go on being legal - if it was a drug it would be taken off the market or used,
if deemed necessary, with extreme caution under hospital conditions, I'm sure!
These detailed anecdotes are backed up by e-mails from all over
![]()
Here are some brief stories:
![]()
Here are some more detailed stories:

![]()
Here are some of the hundreds (!) of reports that have arrived since
this web feature was first posted in September 2002:
More photos (September 2007)

[444] 635: 'Knotting' in the oesophagus due to 635 (August
2006)
Another disturbing symptom
due to 635 that has only accompanied the rash twice is a very strong sensation
of 'knotting' in my oesophagus. It's similar to the feeling of eating a lot of
food too quickly and having to wait for it to travel down. It comes in waves,
like contractions, and I wonder whether it is the peristalsis of my oesophagus
firing unnecessarily. It has woken me from sleep on both occasions and I find
that it responds to taking an antihistamine. - by email.
[443] 635: Spasms of the oesophagus due to 635 (August 2006)
On occasions my tongue
would swell and my eyelids would swell up and I couldn’t figure out what it
was. I’d been to doctors and a naturopath and I was still getting it, and then
I read an article in the Sunday Sun, and it was all my symptoms on 635 and that
the reactions would take 48 hours or so to come out. I thought “that sounds
like me”, so I eliminated them from my diet, and then I ate them again, and
within two or three days the reaction came out, so I stopped it again, and to
be sure, I ate it again, just to see what would happen, and it came out again,
but I also get what I was told was spasms of the oesophagus. I started off
thinking I was getting indigestion, and it would just pull really tight across
my chest. It would last for hours, and I thought I was dying. - verbal report
after presentation.
[382] 635: Irritable bowel symptoms (December 2005)
A few weeks ago I started having a Continental
Low Carb instant soup every day. I knew the 635 was
in there, but thought I didn't react to it. BIG mistake. No doubt you're
expecting a description of the rash and swelling. Yes, I did get those, but not
until week 2.
In week 1 my stomach progressively got sicker
and sicker. By the end of the week I could only lie on the lounge and visit the
loo. The doctor diagnosed mild food poisoning that
turned into a very nasty stomach bug.
Antibiotics and no food for three days cleared the bug. So what did I
do? I had a miso soup from a local Japanese
restaurant. A few hours later my stomach started going odd again and I began to
itch. By that night the typical 635 rash and unbearable itch had set in. For
some bizarre reason I didn't think of 635 with the miso.
The next day I had one of those damn instant soups again and of course the same
thing happened but worse.
Needless to say I have ditched the soup and
banned 635. My son is actually quite pleased because one of the things that
make him itch makes Mummy itch, so he feels a little less alone about it. The
itch and rash have gone, but my lips are still very dry and cracked. But I have
LEARNT MY LESSON! – Megan NSW,
[274] 635: 'This damn additive' (June 2003)
Thank you for bringing this horrible food additive 635 to the attention
of the media. Until the program on ACA, I had no idea that other people were
suffering like me.
My problems started in July 2002, when I ate roast chicken that caused a
dramatic rash to appear all over my body. I was sure the roast chicken was the
cause as I had noticed on two previous occasions severe thirst and
disorientation after consuming roast chicken bought from a Woolworths
supermarket. On the third occasion I had the same symptoms plus the rash. The
rash was so severe that I needed oral cortisone. Woolworths informed me that
635 was the sole flavour enhancer in the chicken. I
saw an allergist a about a month later who dismissed my view, saying that it
was more likely to be a non-specific reaction that would eventually die down
and disappear.
I didn't subscribe to that diagnosis and decided to stay away from roast
chicken for my health's sake. I began to notice that it was affected by other
commercially produced foods, including a salad dressing which contained 631.
The rash usually starts on my upper thighs around my backside and travels down
my legs. It also appears on my back and shoulders. At its worst when it first
appeared it was also on my face and torso. The welts were large, covering a
wide area, very hot and maddeningly itchy.
The most disturbing aspect of this situation is that 635 is being used
in takeaway foods and restaurants. The consumer has no way of knowing that 635
is present in the food. I am beginning to avoid all commercially prepared food.
Can you believe it? Imagine if I became anaphylactic to this substance. I
recently attended a wedding reception and cautiously ate the three-course meal
provided, avoiding the gravy on the meat, only to find the rash reappearing by
the time I got home.
I now religiously read the ingredients provided on packaged foods and
have stopped eating Asian and Indian takeaway and takeaway pizza.
Are you aware of an allergy clinic in Sydney that screens for allergy to
635? If so I would very much appreciate the details as I am more than willing
to be a part of the 'clinical evidence' required to nail this damn additive. -
Anna, NSW, 35 years of age.
[273] 635: 'At death's door' (June 2003)
I am 58 years old and came across your website by accident. I was
dumbfounded when I saw the pictures of the effects of food additives 635. This
was what I had for nearly 3 years!
I could not believe it. My symptoms too started in the early hours of
the morning with dreadful itching. By the time I got up my thighs were black
and bruised from scratching. Over time this went and welts came all over my
body. I looked like I had been beaten. I also had rashes which were itchy and
painful. The only part that was not affected was my face and head.
So many doctors and tests, so many creams and tablets - and nothing
would stop it. I had tests that showed I was allergic to things I had never
had, like horsehair and oysters. To top it off I started to get fungal
infections in my fingernails. I had bouts of crying and wanted to die.
Eventually I was told it could be emotional or change of life. Then in
June 2002 I started have rigors (uncontrollable shaking). I ended up in
hospital, where I had every test under the sun including biopsies. My body was
swelling up and I had blood tests every couple of hours. My temperature would
not come down. I was seen by the elite of dermatologists and a professor of
infectious diseases who told me that 'sometimes the body will not reveal its
secrets'. They called what I had 'hypersensitive vasculitis'
or a toxic shock from an unknown source. They said that I was at death`s door. Then my temperature went down and I was
discharged.
It never occurred to me that it could be the food I was eating, as I
hadn't changed anything. I would have meat pies or sausage rolls at least once
a week and sometimes pizza. Eventually I cut out processed foods and now make
my own sausages rolls. I still do not know which one started off this torment
but I have thrown out everything in my pantry with 635/621 and my symptoms have
gone away.
At the very least, these food additives should be listed in bold lettering
or a different colour. - Maree Lowe.
[259] 635: Call an ambulance (April 2003)
I am a 33 year old mother of two. I woke up one Sunday morning with an
angry red blotchy rash all over my body and my legs were burning. I asked my
husband to call an ambulance as I nearly fainted and felt like vomiting at the
same time. A doctor put me on Prednisolone tablets
for a week. I also took antihistamines and smothered myself in Calamine lotion
but nothing seemed to ease the rash which turned to severe hives all over my
body. I couldn't sleep and would be awake in the night clawing at my skin for
some relief. I ended up bathing in Pinetarsol
Solution which eased the itching. I was told that looking for the cause of the
reaction was like "looking for a needle in a haystack" and I could
not think of anything I had done differently. So to see your story on A Current
Affair was fantastic. I am sure my reaction was from eating Continental
Oriental Fried Rice packet mix on Friday night and also Saturday night for tea.
I had a slight rash on my stomach on Saturday afternoon but it wasn't until
Sunday morning that the severe reaction occurred. I checked my cupboards and
635 was also in Continental Macaroni Cheese as well. Thank you, and let's hope
it can be removed from foods before someone has a fatal reaction.
[258] 635: Afraid for my safety (April 2003)
I began to suffer strange, itchy swellings about seven years ago and
spent a lot of time and money going back and forth to my doctor to try to
ascertain the cause and a treatment. As you guessed, he couldn't find a cause.
I gave up asking and had to suffer in silence. I have consulted doctors only
when the swelling occurred in my tongue and throat to such a degree that I was
very afraid for my safety. These swellings have probably occurred on a
two-monthly basis for several years, with some incidences being more extreme
than others.
Since the article appeared in the Melbourne Sunday Herald Sun about 635,
I have tried to be very careful about what I eat, and check, where I am able,
that any foods I consume do not contain 635. I have noticed a reduction in
occurrences, although one morning I woke up looking like Eddie Murphy in the
Nutty Professor. It was interesting to read that rotisseried
chicken can be a culprit, as this is one thing I have eaten recently, before
suffering an occurrence which I could not explain otherwise. Thanks for getting
the information out there. You may just save some precious lives. - Cathy,
Vic
[247] 635: Ten week rash from 635 (April 2003)
I have never suffered any kind of food allergy in my life (43 years) and
then about ten weeks ago I found myself suffering from an extremely intense and
constant itch of my hands and arms. After two days of this I found I had come
out in hives, starting on my upper chest, abdomen and back. It then spread to
my arms and my legs and from then on each day might be different combinations
of location of the hives, but always somewhere. They were worse at night
causing intense itch and lack of sleep, I can't begin to tell you how
unbearable the itch was and how it affected my everyday living and my ability
to work. On several occasions my lips have been swollen and I find on occasion
that although my upper lip doesn't look particularly swollen, it feels 'thick'
and like I have been to the dentist. Once my eyelids puffed up too. Through
studying the foods that I had eaten I became almost 100% certain that it was
635 causing my problem. For almost two weeks I avoided all foods containing
this additive and was finally able to come off the antihistamines I had been
forced to live on. I then ate a seasoned lamb steak bought from my local
butcher and the next night the hives were back. Guess what? On contacting the
butcher concerned, he was able to tell me that the seasoning used on those
steaks contained 635.
I wish this product had never been put on the market. I'm sure it is
what, to put it frankly, has caused me absolute hell almost continuously for
over two months.
- Debbie, by email
[246] 635: itch was unbearable (April 2003)
A couple of days after initially eating a meal my partner and I made
using a recipe mix containing flavour enhancer 635, I
broke out in a rash over my neck and upper torso. This quickly spread to the
rest of my body the following day. The itch is unbearable, especially around my
neck area, arms and breasts. The doctor didn't seem to believe that it could
have been this enhancer, even after I showed her an article published in the
Melbourne Sunday Herald Sun on 9 March 2003 entitled "Allergy hell in food
additive".
It looks to me that there are many people who are intolerant to this
additive and I believe it should be banned. This is the first time I have ever
had a rash of this magnitude develop and I am not impressed. - reader, by
email
RIBONUCLEOTIDE STORIES These reports of reactions to Food Additive 635
have previously been made public by the Food Intolerance Network (www.fedup.com.au) from 2000-2005 (PDF
format).
The information given is not
intended as medical advice. Always consult with your doctor for underlying
illness. Before beginning dietary investigation, consult a dietician with an
interest in food intolerance. You can find a supportive dietitian through the
Dietitians Association of
© Sue Dengate update September 2007
![]()