All food additives are listed below by code number and by name

There are about 350 permitted food additives in Australia/New Zealand.

 About 50 are likely to cause adverse reactions. They are marked in RED bold with “AVOID”

Other Additives in RED should be used, if at all, with caution.

Other additives are unlikely to cause reactions. This includes anti-caking agents, bleaches, emulsifiers, mineral salts, propellants, food acids, sweeteners, thickening agents, vegetable gums and vitamins.

Last update July 2010

Food additives by code number

Colours

100 Turmeric or curcumin, yellow (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

101 Riboflavin, lactoflavin, vitamin B2, yellow (failsafe)

102 Tartrazine, yellow #5 artificial AVOID

103 Alkanet, pink (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

104 Quinoline yellow artificial AVOID

110 Sunset yellow artificial AVOID

120 Cochineal or carmines, red (from beetles, can cause true allergy – CAUTION)

122 Azorubine, carmoisine artificial AVOID

123 Amaranth artificial AVOID

124 Ponceau 4R, brilliant scarlet artificial AVOID

127 Erythrosine artificial AVOID

129 Allura red artificial AVOID

132 Indigotine, indigo carmine artificial AVOID

133 Brilliant blue artificial AVOID

140 Chlorophyll (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

141 Chlorophyll-copper (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

142 Food green S, acid brilliant green artificial AVOID

143 Fast green FCF artificial AVOID

150a Caramel I

150b Caramel II

150c Caramel III

150d Caramel IV

151 Brilliant black BN artificial AVOID

153 Carbon black, vegetable carbon

155 Brown HT, chocolate brown artificial AVOID

160a Beta-carotene (failsafe)

160b Annatto extracts, bixin, norbixin AVOID

160c Paprika oleoresins (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

160d Lycopene (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

160e beta-apo-8' Carotenal (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

160f E-apo-8' Carotenoic acid (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

161a Flavoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

161b Lutein (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

161c Kryptoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

161d Rubixanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

161e Violoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

161f Rhodoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

162 Beet red (may contain sodium nitrate - preservative 251- up to 25 mg/kg - CAUTION)

163 Anthocyanins, red, blue, violet (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

164 Saffron, crocetin, crocin (failsafe colour from saffron plant but commercial saffron may be mixed with artificial colour 102 – CAUTION)

170 Calcium carbonate, mineral colour and calcium supplement (failsafe)

171 Titanium dioxide, mineral colour, white (failsafe)

172 Iron oxide, red, black, yellow mineral colours (failsafe)

173 Aluminium, mineral colour

174 Silver, mineral colour

175 Gold, mineral colour

181 Tannic acid, brown (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)

Preservatives - sorbates

200 Sorbic acid AVOID

201 Sodium sorbate AVOID

202 Potassium sorbate AVOID

203 Calcium sorbate AVOID

Preservatives - benzoates

210 Benzoic acid AVOID

211 Sodium benzoate AVOID

212 Potassium benzoate AVOID

213 Calcium benzoate AVOID

Sorbates and benzoates have been associated with the full range of food intolerance reactions.

 216 Propylparaben

218 Methylparaben

Preservatives 216 and 218 are only permitted in food colours in Australia.

Preservatives - sulphites (aka sulfites)

220 Sulphur dioxide AVOID

221 Sodium sulphite AVOID

222 Sodium bisulphite AVOID

223 Sodium metabisulphite AVOID

224 Potassium metabisulphite AVOID

225 Potassium sulphite AVOID

228 Potassium bisulphite AVOID

Sulphites (above) are the biggies for asthmatics. Not to be confused with sulphates (514-519). Also known as sulfites.

234 Nisin

235 Natamycin

242 Dimethyl dicarbonate (new, untested)

Preservatives - nitrates and nitrites (also colour fixatives)

249 Potassium nitrite AVOID

250 Sodium nitrite AVOID

251 Sodium nitrate AVOID

252 Potassium nitrate AVOID

Unlike many food additives, nitrates and nitrites are necessary. Used in processed meats, they prevent bacterial growth and food poisoning, but they are not failsafe.

Food acids

260 Acetic acid

261 Potassium acetate

262 Sodium diacetate

262 Sodium acetate

263 Sodium acetate

264 Ammonium acetate

270 Lactic acid

Preservatives - propionates

280 Propionic acid AVOID

281 Sodium propionate AVOID

282 Calcium propionate AVOID

283 Potassium propionate AVOID

Widespread use in bread in Australia and the US, propionates are rarely used in Europe. Recently permitted also in cheese, fruit and vegetable products in Australia.

290 Carbon dioxide (propellant)

296 Malic acid (food acid)

297 Fumaric acid (food acid)

Antioxidants

300 Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

301 Sodium ascorbate

302 Calcium ascorbate

303 Potassium ascorbate

304 Ascorbyl palmitate

306 Mixed tocopherols (vitamin E)

307 dl-a-Tocopherol

308 g-Tocopherol

309 d-Tocopherol

310 Propyl gallate AVOID

311 Octyl gallate AVOID

312 Dodecyl gallate AVOID

315 Erythorbic acid

316 Sodium erythorbate

319 tert-Butylhydroquinone, tBHQ AVOID

320 Butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA AVOID

321 Butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT AVOID

322 Lecithin (also an emulsifier)

Gallates and TBHQ, BHA and BHT are used to preserve vegetable oils and margarines. When vegetable oils are used in other products, these antioxidants are often unlisted because of the 5% labelling loophole. BHA and BHT can also leach into products from cereal wrappers and clingfilm. Antioxidants 300-309 are safe alternatives.

More food acids

325 Sodium lactate

326 Potassium lactate

327 Calcium lactate

328 Ammonium lactate

329 Magnesium lactate

330 Citric acid

331 Sodium dihydrogen citrate

331 Sodium citrate

331 Sodium acid citrate

332 Potassium citrates

333 Calcium citrate

334 Tartaric acid

335 Sodium tartrate

336 Potassium tartrate

336 Potassium acid tartrate

337 Potassium sodium tartrate

338 Phosphoric acid

Food acids are safe for most people. Most failsafers can manage citric acid (330), a few react.

Mineral salts

339 Sodium phosphates

340 Potassium phosphates

341 Calcium phosphates

342 Ammonium phosphates

343 Magnesium phosphates

More food acids

349 Ammonium malate

350 DL-Sodium malates

351 Potassium malate

352 DL-Calcium malate

353 Metatartaric acid

354 Calcium tartrate

355 Adipic acid

357 Potassium adipate

365 Sodium fumarate

366 Potassium fumarate

367 Potassium fumarate

368 Ammonium fumarate

375 Nicotinic acid, niacin (B vitamin)

380 Triammonium citrate

380 Ammonium citrate

381 Ferric ammonium citrate

385 Calcium disodium EDTA

Vegetables gums and thickeners

400 Alginic acid

401 Sodium alginate

402 Potassium alginate

403 Ammonium alginate

404 Calcium alginate

405 Propylene glycol alginate

406 Agar agar, isinglass

407 Carrageenan

Vegetable gums are failsafe. Guar and xanthan are used extensively by coeliacs. Carrageenan (407) used in yoghurts, icecreams and others has been linked to cancer and is not recommended in large quantities for young children.

407a Processed eucheuma seaweed

409 Arabinogalactan

410 Locust bean gum

412 Guar gum

413 Tragacanth

414 Acacia

415 Xanthan gum

416 Karaya gum

418 Gellan gum

Humectants

420 Sorbitol

421 Mannitol

422 Glycerin (glycerol)

Humectants keep food moist. These additives are also used as sweeteners. The first two are not permitted in foods for babies and young children. Glycerin is used as a humectant in marshmallows and other sweets. All can cause nausea or diarrhea in large amounts or sensitive people.

Emulsifiers

433 Polysorbate 80

435 Polysorbate 60

436 Polysorbate 65

440 Pectin (also a vegetable gum)

442 Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid

444 Sucrose acetate isobutyrate

More mineral salts

450 Sodium pyrophosphate

450 Sodium acid pyrophosphate

450 Potassium pyrophosphate

451 Sodium tripolyphosphate

451 Potassium tripolyphosphate

452 Sodium polyphosphates, glassy

452 Sodium metaphosphate, insoluble

452 Potassium polymetaphosphate

460 Cellulose microcrystalline and powdered (anti-caking agent)

Thickeners, vegetable gums

461 Methylcellulose

464 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

465 Methyl ethyl cellulose

466 Sodium carboxymethylcellulose

Emulsifiers

470 Magnesium stearate (emulsifier, stabiliser)

471 Mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids

472a Acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol

472b Lactic and fatty acid esters of glycerol

472c Citric and fatty acid esters of glycerol

472d Tartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol

472e Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol

473 Sucrose esters of fatty acids

475 Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids

476 Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid

477 Propylene glycol mono- and di-esters

480 Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate

481 Sodium stearoyl (or oleyl) lactylate

482 Calcium stearoyl (or oleyl) lactylate

491 Sorbitan monostearate

492 Sorbitan tristearate

Mineral salts

500 Sodium carbonate

500 Sodium bicarbonate

501 Potassium carbonates

503 Ammonium carbonate

503 Ammonium bicarbonate

504 Magnesium carbonate (anti-caking agent, mineral salt)

507 Hydrochloric acid (acidity regulator)

508 Potassium chloride

509 Calcium chloride

510 Ammonium chloride

511 Magnesium chloride

512 Stannous chloride (colour retention agent)

514 Sodium sulphate (mineral salt)

515 Potassium sulphate (mineral salt)

516 Calcium sulphate (flour treatment agent, mineral salt)

518 Magnesium sulphate (mineral salt)

519 Cupric sulphate (mineral salt)

526 Calcium hydroxide (mineral salt)

529 Calcium oxide (mineral salt)

535 Sodium ferrocyanide (anti-caking agent)

536 Potassium ferrocyanide (anti-caking agent)

541 Sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (acidity regulator, emulsifier)

542 Bone phosphate (anti-caking agent)

551 Silicon dioxide (anti-caking agent)

552 Calcium silicate (anti-caking agent)

553 Talc (anti-caking agent)

554 Sodium aluminosilicate (anti-caking agent)

556 Calcium aluminium silicate (anti-caking agent)

558 Bentonite (anti-caking agent)

559 Kaolin (anti-caking agent)

570 Stearic acid (anti-caking agent)

575 Gluconod-lactone (acidity regulator)

577 Potassium gluconate (stabiliser)

578 Calcium gluconate (acidity regulator)

579 Ferrous gluconate (colour retention agent)

Flavour enhancers

620 L-Glutamic acid AVOID

621 Monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) AVOID

622 Monopotassium L-glutamate AVOID

623 Calcium di-L-glutamate AVOID

624 Monoammonium L-glutamate AVOID

625 Magnesium di-L-glutamate AVOID

627 Disodium guanylate AVOID

631 Disodium inosinate AVOID

635 Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides AVOID

The adverse effects of MSG (621) are well documented. We have also received many reports of skin rashes associated with new additive 635 which is a combination of 627 and 631. Yeast extract, hydrolysed vegetable protein (HVP) and hydrolysed plant protein (HPP) are ways that manufacturers include MSG without having to declare it on the label.

636 Maltol

637 Ethyl maltol

640 Glycine

641 L-Leucine

Miscellaneous additives

900 Dimethylpolysiloxane (emulsifier, antifoaming agent, anti- caking agent)

901 Beeswax, white and yellow (glazing agent)

903 Carnauba wax (glazing agent)

904 Shellac, bleached (glazing agent)

905a Mineral oil, white (glazing agent)

905b Petrolatum (glazing agent)

914 Oxidised polyethylene (Humectant)

920 L-Cysteine monohydrochloride (flour treatment agent)

925 Chlorine (flour treatment agent)

926 Chlorine dioxide (flour treatment agent)

928 Benzoyl peroxide (flour treatment agent)

941 Nitrogen (propellant)

942 Nitrous oxide (propellant)

Artificial sweeteners

950 Acesulphame potassium (artificial sweetening substance)

951 Aspartame (Nutrasweet, Equal) (artificial sweetening substance) AVOID

The safety of aspartame with regard to brain tumours and others is not proven. Aspartame in diet", "lite" and "no added sugar" products may increase appetite thus failing to assist weight loss. There are reports of addiction. Not recommended. Sugar is a natural alternative. Artificial sweeteners in general are unnecessary, artificial and not recommended.

952 Sodium cyclamate (artificial sweetening substance)

952 Cyclamic acid (artificial sweetening substance)

952 Calcium cyclamate (artificial sweetening substance)

953 Isomalt (humectant)

954 Sodium saccharin (artificial sweetening substance)

954 Saccharin (artificial sweetening substance)

954 Calcium saccharin (artificial sweetening substance)

955 Sucralose (artificial sweetening substance)

956 Alitame (artificial sweetening substance)

957 Thaumatin (flavour enhancer, artificial sweetening substance)

965 Maltitol and maltitol syrup (humectant, stabiliser)

966 Lactitol (humectant)

967 Xylitol (humectant, stabiliser)

1001 Choline salts and esters (emulsifier)

1100 Amylases (flour treatment agent)

1101 Proteases (papain, bromelain, ficin) (flour treatment agent, stabiliser, flavour enhancer)

1102 Glucose oxidase (antioxidant)

1104 Lipases (flavour enchancer)

1105 Lysozyme (preservative) from eggs

1200 Polydextrose (Humectant)

1201 Polyvinylpyrrolidone (stabiliser, clarifying agent, dispersing agent)

1202 Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (colour stabiliser)

Thickeners, vegetable gums

1400 Dextrin roasted starch

1401 Acid treated starch

1402 Alkaline treated starch

1403 Bleached starch

1404 Oxidised starch

1405 Enzyme-treated starches

1410 Monostarch phosphate

1412 Distarch phosphate

1413 Phosphated distarch phosphate

1414 Acetylated distarch phosphate

1420 Starch acetate esterified with acetic anhydride

1421 Starch acetate esterified with vinyl acetate

1422 Acetylated distarch adipate

1440 Hydroxypropyl starch

1442 Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate

1450 Starch sodium octenylsuccinate

1505 Triethyl citrate

1518 Triacetin (humectant)

1520 Propylene glycol (humectant)

1521 Polyethylene glycol 8000 (antifoaming agent)

Food additives by name

Avoid additives marked AVOID in RED bold. Caution with others in red.

Name Code Number

Acacia (thickener, vegetable gum) 414

Acesulphame potassium (artificial sweetener) 950

Acetic acid, glacial (food acid) 260

Acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol (emulsifier) 472a

Acetylated distarch adipate (thickener, vegetable gum) 1422

Acetylated distarch phosphate (thickener, vegetable gum) 1414

Acid treated starch (thickener, vegetable gum) 1401

Activated vegetable carbon (colouring) 153

Adipic acid (food acid) 355

Agar (thickener, vegetable gum) 406

Alginic acid (thickener, vegetable gum) 400

Alitame (artificial sweetening substance) 956

Alkaline treated starch (thickener, vegetable gum) 1402

Alkanet, pink (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 103

Allura red artificial AVOID 129

Aluminium, mineral colour 173

Amaranth artificial AVOID 123

Ammonium acetate (food acid) 264

Ammonium alginate (thickener, vegetable gum) 403

Ammonium bicarbonate (mineral salt) 503

Ammonium carbonate (mineral salt) 503

Ammonium chloride (mineral salt) 510

Ammonium citrate (food acid) 380

Ammonium fumarate (food acid) 368

Ammonium lactate (food acid) 328

Ammonium malate (food acid) 349

Ammonium phosphates (mineral salt) 342

Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid (emulsifier) 442

Amylases (flour treatment agent) 1100

Annatto extracts, bixin, norbixin AVOID 160b

Anthocyanins, red, blue, violet (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 163

Arabinogalactan (thickener, vegetable gum) 409

Ascorbic acid (antioxidant) 300

Ascorbyl palmitate (antioxidant) 304

Aspartame (Nutrasweet, Equal) (artificial sweetening substance) 951 AVOID

Azorubine, carmoisine artificial AVOID 122

Beeswax, white and yellow (glazing agent) 901

Beet red (may contain sodium nitrate - preservative 251- up to 25 mg/kg - CAUTION) 162

Bentonite (anti-caking agent) 558

Benzoic acid (preservative) 210 AVOID

Benzoyl peroxide (flour treatment agent) 928

beta-apo-8' Carotenal (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 160e

Beta-carotene (failsafe) 160a

Bleached starch (thickener, vegetable gum) 1403

Bone phosphate (anti-caking agent) 542

Brilliant black BN artificial AVOID 151

Brilliant blue artificial AVOID 133

Brown HT, chocolate brown artificial AVOID 155

Butylated hydroxyanisole (antioxidant) 320 AVOID

Butylated hydroxytoluene (antioxidant) 321 AVOID

Calcium acetate (food acid) 263

Calcium alginate (thickener, vegetable gum) 404

Calcium aluminium silicate (anti-caking agent) 556

Calcium ascorbate (antioxidant) 302

Calcium benzoate (preservative) 213 AVOID

Calcium carbonate, mineral colour and calcium supplement (failsafe) 170

Calcium chloride (mineral salt) 509

Calcium citrate (food acid) 333

Calcium cyclamate (artificial sweetening substance) 952

Calcium di-L-glutamate (flavour enhancer) 623 AVOID

Calcium disodium EDTA (preservative) 385

Calcium fumarate (food acid) 367

Calcium gluconate (acidity regulator) 578

Calcium hydroxide (mineral salt) 526

Calcium lactate (food acid) 327

Calcium oleyl lactylate (emulsifier) 482

Calcium oxide (mineral salt) 529

Calcium phosphates (mineral salt) 341

Calcium propionate (preservative) 282 AVOID

Calcium saccharin (artificial sweetening substance) 954

Calcium silicate (anti-caking agent) 552

Calcium sorbate (preservative) 203 AVOID

Calcium stearoyl lactylate (emulsifier) 482

Calcium sulphate (flour treatment agent, mineral salt) 516

Calcium tartrate (food acid) 354

Caramel I 150a

Caramel II 150b

Caramel III 150c

Caramel IV 150d

Carbon black, vegetable carbon 153

Carbon dioxide (propellant) 290

Carmines – see cochineal 120

Carnauba wax (glazing agent) 903

Carotenes – see 160a, 160e, 160f

Carrageenan (thickener, vegetable gum) 407

Cellulose microcrystalline and powdered (anti-caking agent) 460

Chlorine (flour treatment agent) 925

Chlorine dioxide (flour treatment agency) 926

Chlorophyll (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 140

Chlorophyll-copper (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 141

Choline salts and esters (emulsifier) 1001

Citric acid (food acid) 330

Citric and fatty acid esters of glycerol (emulsifier) 472c

Cochineal or carmines, red (from beetles, can cause true allergy – CAUTION) 120

Cupric sulphate (mineral salt) 519

Curcumin (colouring) 100

Cyclamic acid (artificial sweetening substance) 952

Dextrin roasted starch (thickener, vegetable gum) 1400

Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol (emulsifier) 472e

Dimethyl dicarbonate (preservative) 242

Dimethylpolysiloxane (emulsifier, antifoaming agent, anti-caking agent) 900

Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate (emulsifier) 480

Disodium 5'!-ribonucleotides (flavour enhancer) 635 AVOID

Disodium guanylate (flavour enhancer) 627 AVOID

Disodium inosinate (flavour enhancer) 631 AVOID

Distarch phosphate (thickener, vegetable gum) 1412

dl-a-Tocopherol (antioxidant) 307

DL-Calcium malate (food acid) 352

DL-Sodium malates (food acid) 350

Dodecyl gallate (antioxidant) 312 AVOID

d-Tocopherol (antioxidant) 309

E-apo-8' Carotenoic acid (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 160f

Enzyme-treated starches (thickener, vegetable gum) 1405

Erythorbic acid (antioxidant) 315

Erythrosine artificial AVOID 127

Ethyl maltol (flavour enhancer) 637

Fast green FCF artificial AVOID 143

Ferric ammonium citrate (food acid) 381

Ferrous gluconate (colour retention agent) 579

Flavoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 161a

Food green S, acid brilliant green artificial AVOID 142

Fumaric acid (food acid) 297

Gellan gum (thickener, vegetable gum) 418

Glucono G-lactone (acidity regulator) 575

Glucose oxidase (antioxidant) 1102

Glycerin (humectant) 422

Glycine (flavour enhancer) 640

Gold, mineral colour 175

g-Tocopherol (antioxidant) 308

Guar gum (thickener, vegetable gum) 412

Hydrochloric acid (acidity regulator) 507

Hydrolysed vegetable protein (HVP), hydrolysed plant protein (HPP), yeast extract contain MSG AVOID

Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (thickener, vegetable gum) 1442

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (thickener, vegetable gum) 464

Hydroxypropyl starch (thickener, vegetable gum) 1440

Indigotine, indigo carmine artificial AVOID 132

Iron oxide, red, black, yellow mineral colours (failsafe) 172

Isomalt (humectant) 953

Kaolin (anti-caking agent) 559

Karaya gum (thickener, vegetable gum) 416

Kryptoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 161c

Lactic acid (food acid) 270

Lactic and fatty acid esters of glycerol (emulsifier) 472b

Lactitol (humectant) 966

L-Cysteine monohydrochloride (flour treatment agent) 920

Lecithin (antioxidant, emulsifier) 322

L-Glutamic acid (flavour enhancer) 620 AVOID

Lipases (flavour enchancer) 1104

L-Leucine (flavour enhancer) 641

Locust bean gum (thickener, vegetable gum) 410

Lutein (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 161b

Lycopene (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 160d

Lysozyme (preservative) from eggs 1105

Magnesium carbonate (anti-caking agent, mineral salt) 504

Magnesium chloride (mineral salt) 511

Magnesium di-L-glutamate (flavour enhancer) 625 AVOID

Magnesium lactate (food acid) 329

Magnesium phosphates (mineral salt) 343

Magnesium stearate (emulsifier, stabiliser) 470

Magnesium sulphate (mineral salt) 518

Malic acid (food acid) 296

Maltitol and maltitol syrup (humectant, stabiliser) 965

Maltol (flavour enhancer) 636

Mannitol (humectant) 421

Metatartaric acid (food acid) 353

Methyl ethyl cellulose (thickener, vegetable gum) 465

Methylcellulose (thickener, vegetable gum) 461

Methylparaben (preservative) 218

Mineral oil, white (glazing agent) 905a

Mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids (emulsifier) 471

Monoammonium L-glutamate (flavour enhancer) 624 AVOID

Monopotassium L-glutamate (flavour enhancer) 622 AVOID

Monosodium L-glutamate MSG (also in hydrolysed vegetable protein HVP) (flavour enhancer) 621 AVOID

Monostarch phosphate (thickener, vegetable gum) 1410

Natamycin (preservative) 235

Niacin (colour retention agent) 375

Nisin (preservative) 234

Nitrogen (propellant) 941

Nitrous oxide (propellant) 942

Octyl gallate (antioxidant) 311 AVOID

Oxidised polyethylene (Humectant) 914

Oxidised starch (thickener, vegetable gum) 1404

Paprika oleoresins (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 160c Pectin (vegetable gum) 440

Petrolatum (glazing agent) 905b

Phosphated distarch phosphate (thickener, vegetable gum) 1413

Phosphoric acid (food acid) 338

Polydextrose (Humectant) 1200

Polyethylene glycol 8000 (antifoaming agent) 1521

Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (emulsifier) 475

Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid (emulsifier) 476

Polysorbate 60 (emulsifier) 435

Polysorbate 65 (emulsifier) 436

Polysorbate 80 (emulsifier) 433

Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (colour stabiliser) 1202

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (stabiliser, clarifying agent, dispersing agent) 1201

Ponceau 4R, brilliant scarlet artificial AVOID 124

Potassium acetate (food acid) 261

Potassium acid tartrate (food acid) 336

Potassium adipate (food acid) 357

Potassium alginate (thickener, vegetable gum) 402

Potassium ascorbate (antioxidant) 303

Potassium benzoate (preservative) 212 AVOID

Potassium bisulphite (preservative) 228 AVOID

Potassium carbonates (mineral salt) 501

Potassium chloride (mineral salt) 508

Potassium citrates (food acid) 332

Potassium ferrocyanide (anti-caking agent) 536

Potassium fumarate (food acid) 366

Potassium gluconate (stabiliser) 577

Potassium lactate (food acid) 326

Potassium malate (food acid) 351

Potassium metabisulphite (preservative) 224 AVOID

Potassium nitrate (preservative, colour fixative) 252 AVOID

Potassium nitrite (preservative, colour fixative) 249 AVOID

Potassium phosphates (mineral salt) 340

Potassium polymetaphosphate (mineral salts) 452

Potassium propionate (preservative) 283 AVOID

Potassium pyrophosphate (mineral salts) 450

Potassium sodium tartrate (food acid) 337

Potassium sorbate (preservative) 202 AVOID

Potassium sulphate (mineral salt) 515

Potassium sulphite (preservative) 225 AVOID

Potassium tartrate (food acid) 336

Potassium tripolyphosphate (mineral salt) 451

Processed eucheuma seaweed (thickener, vegetable gum) 407a

Propionic acid (preservative) 280 AVOID

Propyl gallate (antioxidant) 310 AVOID

Propylene glycol (humectant) 1520

Propylene glycol alginate (thickener, vegetable gum) 405

Propylene glycol mono- and di-esters (emulsifier) 477

Propylparaben (preservative) 216

Proteases (papain, bromelain, ficin) (flour treatment agent, stabiliser, flavour enhancer) 1101

Quinoline yellow artificial AVOID 104

Rhodoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 161f

Riboflavin, lactoflavin, vitamin B2, yellow (failsafe) 101

Rubixanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 161d

Saccharin (artificial sweetening substance) 954

Saffron, crocetin, crocin (failsafe colour from saffron plant but commercial saffron may be mixed with artificial colour 102 – CAUTION) 164

Shellac, bleached (glazing agent) 904

Silicon dioxide (anti-caking agent) 551

Silver, mineral colour 174

Sodium acetate (food acid) 262

Sodium acid citrate (food acid) 331

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (mineral salt) 450

Sodium alginate (thickener, vegetable gum) 401

Sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (acidity regulator, emulsifier) 541

Sodium aluminosilicate (anti-caking agent) 554

Sodium ascorbate (antioxidant) 301

Sodium benzoate (Preservative) 211 AVOID

Sodium bicarbonate (mineral salt) 500

Sodium bisulphite (preservative) 222 AVOID

Sodium carbonate (mineral salt) 500

Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (thickener, vegetable gum) 466

Sodium citrate (food acid) 331

Sodium cyclamate (artificial sweetening substance) 952

Sodium diacetate (food acid) 262

Sodium dihydrogen citrate (food acid) 331

Sodium erythorbate (antioxidant) 316

Sodium ferrocyanide (anti-caking agent) 535

Sodium fumarate (food acid) 365

Sodium lactate (food acid) 325

Sodium metabisulphite (preservative) 223 AVOID

Sodium metaphosphate, insoluble (mineral salt) 452

Sodium nitrate (preservative, colour fixative) 251 AVOID

Sodium nitrite (preservative, colour fixative) 250 AVOID

Sodium phosphates (mineral salt) 339

Sodium polyphosphates, glassy (mineral salt) 452

Sodium propionate (preservative) 281 AVOID

Sodium pyrophosphate (mineral salt) 450

Sodium saccharin (artificial sweetening substance) 954

Sodium sorbate (preservative) 201 AVOID

Sodium stearoyl lactylate (emulsifier) 481

Sodium sulphate (mineral salt) 514

Sodium sulphite (preservative) 221 AVOID

Sodium tartrate (food acid) 335

Sodium tripolyphosphate (mineral salt) 451

Sorbic acid (preservative) 200 AVOID

Sorbitan monostearate (emulsifier) 491

Sorbitan tristearate (emulsifier) 492

Sorbitol (humectant) 420

Stannous chloride (colour retention agent) 512

Starch acetate esterified with acetic anhydride (thickener, vegetable gum) 1420

Starch acetate esterified with vinyl acetate (thickener, vegetable gum) 1421

Starch sodium octenylsuccinate (thickener, vegetable gum) 1450

Stearic acid (anti-caking agent) 570

Sucralose (artificial sweetening substance) 955

Sucrose acetate isobutyrate (emulsifier, stabiliser) 444

Sucrose esters of fatty acids (emulsifier) 473

Sulphur dioxide (preservative) 220 AVOID

Sunset yellow artificial AVOID 110

Talc (anti-caking agent) 553

Tannic acid, brown (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 181

Tartaric acid (food acid) 334

Tartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol (emulsifier) 472d

Tartrazine, yellow #5 artificial AVOID 102

tert-Butylhydroquinone (antioxidant TBHQ) 319 AVOID

Thaumatin (flavour enhancer, artificial sweetening substance) 957

Titanium dioxide, mineral colour, white (failsafe) 171

Tocopherols concentrate, mixed (antioxidant) 306

Tragacanth (thickener, vegetable gum) 413

Triacetin (humectant) 1518

Triammonium citrate (food acid) 380

Triethyl citrate (thickener, vegetable gum) 1505

Turmeric or curcumin, yellow (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 100

Violoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) 161e

Xanthan gum (thickener, vegetable gum) 415

Xylitol (humectant, stabiliser) 967