All food additives are listed below by code number and by name
There are about 350
permitted food additives in
About 50 are likely to cause
adverse reactions. They are marked in RED bold with
“AVOID”
Other Additives in RED should be used, if at all, with
caution.
Additives in italics are new, untested and should be
avoided.
Other additives are unlikely to
cause reactions. This includes anti-caking agents, bleaches, emulsifiers,
mineral salts, propellants, food acids, sweeteners, thickening agents,
vegetable gums and vitamins.
Last update June
2009
Food additives
by code number
Colours
100 Turmeric or curcumin, yellow
101 Riboflavin, lactoflavin, vitamin B2, yellow, failsafe
102 Tartrazine, yellow #5 AVOID
103 Alkanet, pink
Alkanet is so new it hasn't
been tested for behavioural and learning toxicity. It is a natural colour
derived from a plant. As with annatto, this is no guarantee of safety.
104 Quinoline yellow AVOID
107 Yellow 2G AVOID
110 Sunset yellow AVOID
120 Cochineal or carmines, red
Cochineal, from the body of
a South American insect, is moderate in terms of food intolerance reactions,
but severe allergic reactions have been reported, especially in dye workers.
122 Azorubine, carmoisine AVOID
123 Amaranth AVOID
124 Ponceau 4R, brilliant scarlet AVOID
127 Erythrosine AVOID
128 Red 2G AVOID
129 Allura red AVOID
132 Indigotine, indigo carmine AVOID
133 Brilliant blue AVOID
140 Chlorophyll
141 Chlorophyll-copper
142 Food green S, acid brilliant green AVOID
143 Fast green FCF AVOID
150 Caramel (see comment)
In the
151 Brilliant black BN AVOID
153 Carbon black, vegetable carbon
155 Brown HT, chocolate brown AVOID
160a Beta-carotene (failsafe)
160 Carotene
(others) - see listed below
160b Annatto extracts, bixin, norbixin AVOID
160c Capsanthin (new)
160e beta-apo-8' carotenal (new)
160f E-apo-8' carotenoic acid (new)
160e and 160f are too new
to have been tested for behavioural toxicity. They might be safe like
betacarotene (160a) or harmful like annatto (160b).
161a
flavoxanthin - see comment below
161b lutein
- see comment below
161c
kryptoxanthin - see comment below
161d
rubixanthin - see comment below
161e violoxanthin
- see comment below
161f
rhodoxanthin - see comment below
161g
canthaxanthin - see comment below
161j
astaxanthin - see comment below
161I
citranaxanthin - see comment below
Comment: Yellow,
orange and red colours called carotenoids occur in nature in colourful fruits
and vegetables as well as leafy greens where they are hidden by chlorophyll.
Carotenoids are also responsible for the colour of salmon flesh, lobster shells
or the plumage of birds like flamingos. These colours have been used for years
in poultry and farmed fish feed and are now appearing more frequently as
'natural' food additives. When used commercially these colours are usually
synthetically or biotechnically produced, e.g. extracted from algae. In 2002,
the European Commission realised that no risk assessment had ever been carried
out for carotenoids other than canthaxanthin, which has been found to cause
retinal damage when used in large doses in tanning tablets for humans. Safety
testing is currently being carried out, but
as usual it does not include
testing on children's health, behaviour or learning. These colours are too new
for us to know whether they will cause dose-related food intolerance reactions.
When astaxanthin 161j red colour used in farmed fish was tested on 35 healthy
adults, there were small but significant increases in eosinophils (white blood
cell associated with allergic reactions, and involved in eosinophilic
oesophagitis, a new type of heartburn): http://www.iss.it/binary/saan/cont/astaxanthin.1135154702.pdf.
We have received two reports of possible reactions to strongly coloured
commercial eggs compared to natural eggs by extremely sensitive failsafers with
a high egg intake. For colours in eggs see http://www.iceland.co.uk/Ext_11/web/Market.nsf/(WebSearch)/CusEggs.
Just because colours occur in nature, it doesn't
mean they are safe when consumed in doses many times higher than found in
natural foods. While we expect these additives will be safer than the
artificial colours they replace, we recommend caution and welcome feedback.
162 Beet red
Beet red may contain sodium
nitrate (preservative 251) up to 25 mg/kg.
163 Anthocyanins, red, blue, violet (from plants)
Colours made from plants
are moderate in salicylates (eg anthocyanins, beet red, turmeric, tannins)
except for beta-carotene (160a) which is low.
170 Calcium carbonate, white (failsafe)
171 Titanium dioxide, white (failsafe)
172 Iron oxide - red, black, yellow (failsafe)
174 Silver
181 Tannic acid, brown
Preservatives - sorbates
200 Sorbic acid AVOID
201 Sodium sorbate AVOID
202 Potassium sorbate AVOID
203 Calcium sorbate AVOID
Preservatives - benzoates
210 Benzoic acid AVOID
211 Sodium benzoate AVOID
212 Potassium benzoate AVOID
213 Calcium benzoate AVOID
Sorbates and benzoates have
been associated with the full range of food intolerance reactions.
216 Propylparaben
218 Methylparaben
Preservatives 216 and 218
are only permitted in food colours in
Preservatives - sulphites (aka sulfites)
220
221 Sodium sulphite AVOID
222 Sodium bisulphite AVOID
223 Sodium metabisulphite AVOID
224 Potassium metabisulphite AVOID
225 Potassium sulphite AVOID
228 Potassium bisulphite AVOID
Sulphites (above) are the
biggies for asthmatics. Not to be confused with sulphates (514-519). Also known
as sulfites.
234 Nisin
235 Natamycin
242 Dimethyl dicarbonate (new, untested)
Preservatives - nitrates and nitrites (also colour fixatives)
249 Potassium nitrite AVOID
250 Sodium nitrite AVOID
251 Sodium nitrate AVOID
252 Potassium nitrate AVOID
Unlike many food additives,
nitrates and nitrites are necessary. Used in processed meats, they prevent
bacterial growth and food poisoning, but they are not failsafe.
Food acids
260 Acetic acid
261 Potassium acetate
262 Sodium diacetate
262 Sodium acetate
263 Sodium acetate
264 Ammonium acetate
270 Lactic acid
Preservatives - propionates
280 Propionic acid AVOID
281 Sodium propionate AVOID
282 Calcium propionate AVOID
283 Potassium propionate AVOID
Widespread use in bread in
290 Carbon dioxide (propellant)
296 Malic acid (food acid)
297 Fumaric acid (food acid)
Antioxidants
300 Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
301 Sodium ascorbate
302 Calcium ascorbate
303 Potassium ascorbate
304 Ascorbyl palmitate
306 Mixed tocopherols (vitamin E)
307 dl-a-Tocopherol
308 g-Tocopherol
309 d-Tocopherol
310 Propyl gallate AVOID
311 Octyl gallate AVOID
312 Dodecyl gallate AVOID
315 Erythorbic acid
316 Sodium erythorbate
319 tert-Butylhydroquinone, tBHQ AVOID
320 Butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA AVOID
321 Butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT AVOID
322 Lecithin (also an
emulsifier)
Gallates and TBHQ, BHA and
BHT are used to preserve vegetable oils and margarines. When vegetable oils are
used in other products, these antioxidants are often unlisted because of the 5%
labelling loophole. BHA and BHT can also leach into products from cereal
wrappers and clingfilm. Antioxidants 300-309 are safe alternatives.
More food acids
325 Sodium lactate
326 Potassium lactate
327 Calcium lactate
328 Ammonium lactate
329 Magnesium lactate
330 Citric acid
331 Sodium dihydrogen citrate
331 Sodium citrate
331 Sodium acid citrate
332 Potassium citrates
333 Calcium citrate
334 Tartaric acid
335 Sodium tartrate
336 Potassium tartrate
336 Potassium acid tartrate
337 Potassium sodium tartrate
338 Phosphoric acid
Food acids are safe for
most people. Most failsafers can manage citric acid (330), a few react.
Mineral salts
339 Sodium phosphates
340 Potassium phosphates
341 Calcium phosphates
342 Ammonium phosphates
343 Magnesium phosphates
More food acids
349 Ammonium malate
350 DL-Sodium malates
351 Potassium malate
352 DL-Calcium malate
353 Metatartaric acid
354 Calcium tartrate
355 Adipic acid
357 Potassium adipate
365 Sodium fumarate
366 Potassium fumarate
367 Potassium fumarate
368 Ammonium fumarate
375 Nicotinic acid, niacin (B vitamin)
380 Triammonium citrate
380 Ammonium citrate
381 Ferric ammonium citrate
385 Calcium disodium EDTA
Vegetables gums and thickeners
400 Alginic acid
401 Sodium alginate
402 Potassium alginate
403 Ammonium alginate
404 Calcium alginate
405 Propylene glycol alginate
406 Agar agar, isinglass
407 Carrageenan
Vegetable gums are
failsafe. Guar and xanthan are used extensively by coeliacs. Carrageenan (407)
used in yoghurts, icecreams and others has been linked to cancer and is not
recommended in large quantities for young children.
407a Processed eucheuma seaweed
409 Arabinogalactan
410 Locust bean gum
412 Guar gum
413 Tragacanth
414 Acacia
415 Xanthan gum
416 Karaya gum
418 Gellan gum
Humectants
420 Sorbitol
421 Mannitol
422 Glycerin (glycerol)
Humectants keep food moist.
These additives are also used as sweeteners. The first two are not permitted in
foods for babies and young children. Glycerin is used as a humectant in
marshmallows and other sweets. All can cause nausea or diarrhea in large
amounts or sensitive people.
Emusifiers
433 Polysorbate 80
435 Polysorbate 60
436 Polysorbate 65
440 Pectin (also a vegetable gum)
442 Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid
444 Sucrose acetate isobutyrate
More mineral salts
450 Sodium pyrophosphate
450 Sodium acid pyrophosphate
450 Potassium pyrophosphate
451 Sodium tripolyphosphate
451 Potassium tripolyphosphate
452 Sodium polyphosphates, glassy
452 Sodium metaphosphate, insoluble
452 Potassium polymetaphosphate
460 Cellulose microcrystalline and powdered (anti-caking agent)
Thickeners, vegetable
gums
461 Methylcellulose
464 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
465 Methyl ethyl cellulose
466 Sodium carboxymethylcellulose
Emulsifiers
470 Magnesium stearate (emulsifier, stabiliser)
471 Mono- and di-glycerides of fatty
acids
472a Acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol
472b Lactic and fatty acid esters of glycerol
472c Citric and fatty acid esters of glycerol
472d Tartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol
472e Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol
473 Sucrose esters of fatty acids
475 Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids
476 Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid
477 Propylene glycol mono- and di-esters
480 Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate
481 Sodium stearoyl (or oleyl) lactylate
482 Calcium stearoyl (or oleyl) lactylate
491 Sorbitan monostearate
492 Sorbitan tristearate
Mineral salts
500 Sodium carbonate
500 Sodium bicarbonate
501 Potassium carbonates
503 Ammonium carbonate
503 Ammonium bicarbonate
504 Magnesium carbonate (anti-caking agent, mineral salt)
507 Hydrochloric acid (acidity regulator)
508 Potassium chloride
509 Calcium chloride
510 Ammonium chloride
511 Magnesium chloride
512 Stannous chloride (colour retention agent)
514 Sodium sulphate (mineral salt)
515 Potassium sulphate (mineral salt)
516 Calcium sulphate (flour treatment agent, mineral salt)
518 Magnesium sulphate (mineral salt)
519 Cupric sulphate (mineral salt)
526 Calcium hydroxide (mineral salt)
529 Calcium oxide (mineral salt)
535 Sodium ferrocyanide (anti-caking agent)
536 Potassium ferrocyanide (anti-caking agent)
541 Sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (acidity regulator,
emulsifier)
542 Bone phosphate (anti-caking agent)
551 Silicon dioxide (anti-caking agent)
552 Calcium silicate (anti-caking agent)
553 Talc (anti-caking agent)
554 Sodium aluminosilicate (anti-caking agent)
556 Calcium aluminium silicate (anti-caking agent)
558 Bentonite (anti-caking agent)
559 Kaolin (anti-caking agent)
570 Stearic acid (anti-caking agent)
575 Gluconod-lactone (acidity regulator)
577 Potassium gluconate (stabiliser)
578 Calcium gluconate (acidity regulator)
579 Ferrous gluconate (colour retention agent)
Flavour enhancers
620 L-Glutamic acid AVOID
621 Monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) AVOID
622 Monopotassium L-glutamate AVOID
623 Calcium di-L-glutamate AVOID
624 Monoammonium L-glutamate AVOID
625 Magnesium di-L-glutamate AVOID
627 Disodium guanylate AVOID
631 Disodium inosinate AVOID
635 Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides AVOID
The adverse effects of MSG
(621) are well documented. We have also received many reports of skin rashes
associated with new additive 635 which is a combination of 627 and 631. Yeast
extract, hydrolysed vegetable protein (HVP) and hydrolysed plant protein (HPP)
are ways that manufacturers include MSG without having to declare it on the
label.
636 Maltol
637 Ethyl maltol
640 Glycine
641 L-Leucine
Miscellaneous additives
900 Dimethylpolysiloxane (emulsifier, antifoaming agent, anti-
caking agent)
901 Beeswax, white and yellow (glazing agent)
903 Carnauba wax (glazing agent)
904 Shellac, bleached (glazing agent)
905a Mineral oil, white (glazing agent)
905b Petrolatum (glazing agent)
914 Oxidised polyethylene (Humectant)
920 L-Cysteine monohydrochloride (flour treatment agent)
925 Chlorine (flour treatment agent)
926 Chlorine dioxide (flour treatment agent)
928 Benzoyl peroxide (flour treatment agent)
941 Nitrogen (propellant)
942 Nitrous oxide (propellant)
Artificial sweeteners
950 Acesulphame potassium (artificial
sweetening substance)
951 Aspartame (Nutrasweet, Equal) (artificial
sweetening substance) AVOID
The safety of aspartame
with regard to brain tumours and others is not proven. Aspartame in diet",
"lite" and "no added sugar" products may increase appetite
thus failing to assist weight loss. There are reports of addiction. Not
recommended. Sugar is a natural alternative. Artificial sweeteners in general
are unnecessary, artificial and not recommended.
952 Sodium cyclamate (artificial sweetening
substance)
952 Cyclamic acid (artificial sweetening
substance)
952 Calcium cyclamate (artificial sweetening
substance)
953 Isomalt (humectant)
954 Sodium saccharin (artificial sweetening
substance)
954 Saccharin (artificial sweetening
substance)
954 Calcium saccharin (artificial sweetening
substance)
955 Sucralose (artificial sweetening
substance)
956 Alitame (artificial sweetening substance)
957 Thaumatin (flavour enhancer, artificial sweetening substance)
965 Maltitol and maltitol syrup (humectant, stabiliser)
966 Lactitol (humectant)
967 Xylitol (humectant, stabiliser)
1001 Choline salts and esters (emulsifier)
1100 Amylases (flour treatment agent)
1101 Proteases (papain, bromelain, ficin) (flour treatment agent,
stabiliser, flavour enhancer)
1102 Glucose oxidase (antioxidant)
1104 Lipases (flavour enchancer)
1105 Lysozyme (preservative) from eggs
1200 Polydextrose (Humectant)
1201 Polyvinylpyrrolidone (stabiliser, clarifying agent, dispersing
agent)
1202 Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (colour stabiliser)
Thickeners, vegetable gums
1400 Dextrin roasted starch
1401 Acid treated starch
1402 Alkaline treated starch
1403 Bleached starch
1404 Oxidised starch
1405 Enzyme-treated starches
1410 Monostarch phosphate
1412 Distarch phosphate
1413 Phosphated distarch phosphate
1414 Acetylated distarch phosphate
1420 Starch acetate esterified with acetic anhydride
1421 Starch acetate esterified with vinyl acetate
1422 Acetylated distarch adipate
1440 Hydroxypropyl starch
1442 Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate
1450 Starch sodium octenylsuccinate
1505 Triethyl citrate
1518 Triacetin (humectant)
1520 Propylene glycol (humectant)
1521 Polyethylene glycol 8000 (antifoaming agent)
Avoid additives
in RED bold. Additives in italics are new and untested, avoid those also.
Name Code Number
Acacia (thickener,
vegetable gum) 414
Acesulphame potassium (artificial sweetener) 950
Acetic acid, glacial (food
acid) 260
Acetic and fatty acid
esters of glycerol (emulsifier) 472a
Acetylated distarch adipate
(thickener, vegetable gum) 1422
Acetylated distarch
phosphate (thickener, vegetable gum) 1414
Acid treated starch
(thickener, vegetable gum) 1401
Activated vegetable carbon
(colouring) 153
Adipic acid (food acid) 355
Agar (thickener, vegetable
gum) 406
Alginic acid (thickener,
vegetable gum) 400
Alitame (artificial sweetening substance) 956
Alkaline treated starch
(thickener, vegetable gum) 1402
Alkanet
(colouring) 103
Allura red AC
(CI 16035) (colouring) 129 AVOID
Amaranth
(colouring) 123 AVOID
Ammonium acetate (food
acid) 264
Ammonium alginate
(thickener, vegetable gum) 403
Ammonium bicarbonate
(mineral salt) 503
Ammonium carbonate (mineral
salt) 503
Ammonium chloride (mineral
salt) 510
Ammonium citrate (food
acid) 380
Ammonium fumarate (food
acid) 368
Ammonium lactate (food
acid) 328
Ammonium malate (food acid)
349
Ammonium phosphates
(mineral salt) 342
Ammonium salts of
phosphatidic acid (emulsifier) 442
Amylases (flour treatment
agent) 1100
Annatto
extracts, bixin, norbixin (colouring) 160b AVOID
Anthocyanins (colouring)
163
Arabinogalactan (thickener,
vegetable gum) 409
Ascorbic acid (antioxidant)
300
Ascorbyl palmitate
(antioxidant) 304
Aspartame
(Nutrasweet, Equal) (artificial sweetening substance) 951 AVOID
astaxanthin 161j - see comment under number
above
Azorubine,
carmoisine (colouring) 122 AVOID
b-apo-8'
Carotenal (colouring) 160e
b-apo-8'
Carotenoic acid methyl or ethyl ester (colouring) 160f
b-Carotene (colouring) 160a
Beeswax, white and yellow
(glazing agent) 901
Beet red (colouring) 162
Bentonite (anti-caking
agent) 558
Benzoic acid
(preservative) 210 AVOID
Benzoyl peroxide (flour
treatment agent) 928
Bleached starch (thickener,
vegetable gum) 1403
Bone phosphate (anti-caking
agent) 542
Brilliant
black BN (colouring) 151 AVOID
Brilliant blue
FCF (colouring) 133 AVOID
Brown HT,
chocolate brown (colouring) 155 AVOID
Butylated
hydroxyanisole (antioxidant) 320 AVOID
Butylated
hydroxytoluene (antioxidant) 321 AVOID
Calcium acetate (food acid)
263
Calcium alginate
(thickener, vegetable gum) 404
Calcium aluminium silicate
(anti-caking agent) 556
Calcium ascorbate
(antioxidant) 302
Calcium
benzoate (preservative) 213 AVOID
Calcium carbonate (mineral
salt, colouring) 170
Calcium chloride (mineral salt)
509
Calcium citrate (food acid)
333
Calcium cyclamate
(artificial sweetening substance) 952
Calcium
di-L-glutamate (flavour enhancer) 623 AVOID
Calcium
disodium EDTA (preservative) 385
Calcium fumarate (food
acid) 367
Calcium gluconate (acidity
regulator) 578
Calcium hydroxide (mineral
salt) 526
Calcium lactate (food acid)
327
Calcium oleyl lactylate
(emulsifier) 482
Calcium oxide (mineral
salt) 529
Calcium phosphates (mineral
salt) 341
Calcium
propionate (preservative) 282 AVOID
Calcium saccharin (artificial sweetening
substance) 954
Calcium silicate
(anti-caking agent) 552
Calcium
sorbate (preservative) 203 AVOID
Calcium stearoyl lactylate
(emulsifier) 482
Calcium sulphate (flour
treatment agent, mineral salt) 516
Calcium tartrate (food
acid) 354
canthaxanthin 161g - see comment under number
above
Canthaxanthin
161g
Capsanthin
160c (new, see comment)
Caramel (colouring) 150 (see comment above)
Carbon blacks (colouring)
153
Carbon dioxide (propellant)
290
Carmines (colouring) 120
Carnauba wax (glazing agent)
903
Carotene,
others (colouring) 160
Carrageenan (thickener, vegetable gum) 407
Cellulose microcrystalline
and powdered (anti-caking agent) 460
Chlorine (flour treatment
agent) 925
Chlorine dioxide (flour
treatment agency) 926
Chlorophyll (colouring) 140
Chlorophyll-copper complex
(colouring) 141
Choline salts and esters
(emulsifier) 1001
citranaxanthin 161I - see comment under number
above
Citranaxanthin
161I (new, see comment)
Citric acid (food acid) 330
Citric and fatty acid
esters of glycerol (emulsifier) 472c
Cochineal (CI 75470)
(colouring) 120
Cupric sulphate (mineral
salt) 519
Curcumin (colouring) 100
Cyclamic acid (artificial
sweetening substance) 952
Dextrin roasted starch
(thickener, vegetable gum) 1400
Diacetyltartaric and fatty
acid esters of glycerol (emulsifier) 472e
Dimethyl dicarbonate
(preservative) 242
Dimethylpolysiloxane
(emulsifier, antifoaming agent, anti-caking agent) 900
Dioctyl sodium
sulphosuccinate (emulsifier) 480
Disodium
5'!-ribonucleotides (flavour enhancer) 635 AVOID
Disodium
guanylate (flavour enhancer) 627 AVOID
Disodium
inosinate (flavour enhancer) 631 AVOID
Distarch phosphate
(thickener, vegetable gum) 1412
dl-a-Tocopherol
(antioxidant) 307
DL-Calcium malate (food
acid) 352
DL-Sodium malates (food
acid) 350
Dodecyl gallate (antioxidant) 312 AVOID
d-Tocopherol (antioxidant)
309
Enzyme-treated starches
(thickener, vegetable gum) 1405
Erythorbic acid
(antioxidant) 315
Erythrosine
(colouring) 127 AVOID
Ethyl maltol (flavour
enhancer) 637
Ferric ammonium citrate
(food acid) 381
Ferrous gluconate (colour
retention agent) 579
flavoxanthin 161a - see comment under number
above
Food green S,
acid brilliant green (colouring) 142 AVOID
Fumaric acid (food acid)
297
Gellan gum (thickener,
vegetable gum) 418
Glucono G-lactone (acidity
regulator) 575
Glucose oxidase
(antioxidant) 1102
Glycerin (humectant) 422
Glycine (flavour enhancer)
640
g-Tocopherol (antioxidant)
308
Guar gum (thickener,
vegetable gum) 412
Hydrochloric acid (acidity
regulator) 507
Hydrolysed vegetable protein (HVP), hydrolysed
plant protein (
Hydroxypropyl distarch
phosphate (thickener, vegetable gum) 1442
Hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose (thickener, vegetable gum) 464
Hydroxypropyl starch
(thickener, vegetable gum) 1440
Indigotine,
indigo carmine (colouring) 132 AVOID
Iron oxide (black, red,
yellow) (colouring) 172
Isomalt (humectant) 953
Kaolin (anti-caking agent)
559
Karaya gum (thickener,
vegetable gum) 416
kryptoxanthin 161c - see comment under number
above
Lactic acid (food acid) 270
Lactic and fatty acid
esters of glycerol (emulsifier) 472b
Lactitol (humectant) 966
L-Cysteine
monohydrochloride (flour treatment agent) 920
Lecithin (antioxidant,
emulsifier) 322
L-Glutamic
acid (flavour enhancer) 620 AVOID
Lipases (flavour enchancer)
1104
L-Leucine (flavour
enhancer) 641
Locust bean gum (thickener,
vegetable gum) 410
lutein 161b - see comment under number above
Lysozyme (preservative)
from eggs 1105
Magnesium carbonate
(anti-caking agent, mineral salt) 504
Magnesium chloride (mineral
salt) 511
Magnesium
di-L-glutamate (flavour enhancer) 625 AVOID
Magnesium lactate (food
acid) 329
Magnesium phosphates
(mineral salt) 343
Magnesium stearate
(emulsifier, stabiliser) 470
Magnesium sulphate (mineral
salt) 518
Malic acid (food acid) 296
Maltitol and maltitol syrup
(humectant, stabiliser) 965
Maltol (flavour enhancer)
636
Mannitol (humectant) 421
Metatartaric acid (food
acid) 353
Methyl ethyl cellulose
(thickener, vegetable gum) 465
Methylcellulose (thickener,
vegetable gum) 461
Methylparaben
(preservative) 218
Mineral oil, white (glazing
agent) 905a
Mono- and di-glycerides of
fatty acids (emulsifier) 471
Monoammonium
L-glutamate (flavour enhancer) 624 AVOID
Monopotassium
L-glutamate (flavour enhancer) 622 AVOID
Monosodium
L-glutamate MSG (also in hydrolysed vegetable protein HVP) (flavour enhancer)
621 AVOID
Monostarch phosphate
(thickener, vegetable gum) 1410
Natamycin (preservative)
235
Niacin (colour retention
agent) 375
Nisin (preservative) 234
Nitrogen (propellant) 941
Nitrous oxide (propellant)
942
Octyl gallate
(antioxidant) 311 AVOID
Oxidised polyethylene
(Humectant) 914
Oxidised starch (thickener,
vegetable gum) 1404
Pectin (vegetable gum) 440
Petrolatum (glazing agent)
905b
Phosphated distarch
phosphate (thickener, vegetable gum) 1413
Phosphoric acid (food acid)
338
Polydextrose (Humectant)
1200
Polyethylene glycol 8000
(antifoaming agent) 1521
Polyglycerol esters of
fatty acids (emulsifier) 475
Polyglycerol esters of interesterified
ricinoleic acid (emulsifier) 476
Polysorbate 60 (emulsifier)
435
Polysorbate 65 (emulsifier)
436
Polysorbate 80 (emulsifier)
433
Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
(colour stabiliser) 1202
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
(stabiliser, clarifying agent, dispersing agent) 1201
Ponceau 4R,
brilliant scarlet (colouring) 124 AVOID
Potassium acetate (food
acid) 261
Potassium acid tartrate
(food acid) 336
Potassium adipate (food
acid) 357
Potassium alginate
(thickener, vegetable gum) 402
Potassium ascorbate (antioxidant)
303
Potassium
benzoate (preservative) 212 AVOID
Potassium
bisulphite (preservative) 228 AVOID
Potassium carbonates
(mineral salt) 501
Potassium chloride (mineral
salt) 508
Potassium citrates (food
acid) 332
Potassium ferrocyanide
(anti-caking agent) 536
Potassium fumarate (food
acid) 366
Potassium gluconate
(stabiliser) 577
Potassium lactate (food
acid) 326
Potassium malate (food
acid) 351
Potassium
metabisulphite (preservative) 224 AVOID
Potassium
nitrate (preservative, colour fixative) 252 AVOID
Potassium
nitrite (preservative, colour fixative) 249 AVOID
Potassium phosphates
(mineral salt) 340
Potassium polymetaphosphate
(mineral salts) 452
Potassium
propionate (preservative) 283 AVOID
Potassium pyrophosphate
(mineral salts) 450
Potassium sodium tartrate
(food acid) 337
Potassium sorbate (preservative) 202 AVOID
Potassium sulphate (mineral
salt) 515
Potassium
sulphite (preservative) 225 AVOID
Potassium tartrate (food
acid) 336
Potassium tripolyphosphate
(mineral salt) 451
Processed eucheuma seaweed
(thickener, vegetable gum) 407a
Propionic acid
(preservative) 280 AVOID
Propyl gallate
(antioxidant) 310 AVOID
Propylene glycol
(humectant) 1520
Propylene glycol alginate
(thickener, vegetable gum) 405
Propylene glycol mono- and
di-esters (emulsifier) 477
Propylparaben
(preservative) 216
Proteases (papain,
bromelain, ficin) (flour treatment agent, stabiliser, flavour enhancer) 1101
Quinoline
yellow (CI 47005) (colouring) 104 AVOID
Red 2G (colouring) 128 AVOID
rhodoxanthin 161f - see comment under number
above
Riboflavin (colouring) 101
Riboflavin 5'!-phosphate
sodium (colouring) 101
rubixanthin 161d - see comment under number
above
Saccharin (artificial sweetening substance) 954
Shellac, bleached (glazing
agent) 904
Silicon dioxide
(anti-caking agent) 551
Silver (colouring) 174
Sodium acetate (food acid)
262
Sodium acid citrate (food
acid) 331
Sodium acid pyrophosphate
(mineral salt) 450
Sodium alginate (thickener,
vegetable gum) 401
Sodium aluminium phosphate,
acidic (acidity regulator, emulsifier) 541
Sodium aluminosilicate
(anti-caking agent) 554
Sodium ascorbate
(antioxidant) 301
Sodium
benzoate (Preservative) 211 AVOID
Sodium bicarbonate (mineral
salt) 500
Sodium
bisulphite (preservative) 222 AVOID
Sodium carbonate (mineral
salt) 500
Sodium
carboxymethylcellulose (thickener, vegetable gum) 466
Sodium citrate (food acid)
331
Sodium cyclamate
(artificial sweetening substance) 952
Sodium diacetate (food
acid) 262
Sodium dihydrogen citrate
(food acid) 331
Sodium erythorbate
(antioxidant) 316
Sodium ferrocyanide
(anti-caking agent) 535
Sodium fumarate (food acid)
365
Sodium lactate (food acid)
325
Sodium
metabisulphite (preservative) 223 AVOID
Sodium metaphosphate,
insoluble (mineral salt) 452
Sodium nitrate
(preservative, colour fixative) 251 AVOID
Sodium nitrite
(preservative, colour fixative) 250 AVOID
Sodium phosphates (mineral
salt) 339
Sodium polyphosphates,
glassy (mineral salt) 452
Sodium
propionate (preservative) 281 AVOID
Sodium pyrophosphate
(mineral salt) 450
Sodium saccharin (artificial sweetening substance)
954
Sodium sorbate
(preservative) 201 AVOID
Sodium stearoyl lactylate
(emulsifier) 481
Sodium sulphate (mineral
salt) 514
Sodium
sulphite (preservative) 221 AVOID
Sodium tartrate (food acid)
335
Sodium tripolyphosphate
(mineral salt) 451
Sorbic acid
(preservative) 200 AVOID
Sorbitan monostearate
(emulsifier) 491
Sorbitan tristearate
(emulsifier) 492
Sorbitol (humectant) 420
Stannous chloride (colour
retention agent) 512
Starch acetate esterified
with acetic anhydride (thickener, vegetable gum) 1420
Starch acetate esterified
with vinyl acetate (thickener, vegetable gum) 1421
Starch sodium
octenylsuccinate (thickener, vegetable gum) 1450
Stearic acid (anti-caking
agent) 570
Sucralose (artificial sweetening substance) 955
Sucrose acetate isobutyrate
(emulsifier, stabiliser) 444
Sucrose esters of fatty
acids (emulsifier) 473
Sunset yellow
FCF (colouring) 110 AVOID
Talc (anti-caking agent)
553
Tannic acid (colouring) 181
Tartaric acid (food acid)
334
Tartaric and fatty acid
esters of glycerol (emulsifier) 472d
Tartrazine
(colouring) 102 AVOID
tert-Butylhydroquinone
(antioxidant) 319 AVOID
Thaumatin (flavour enhancer, artificial sweetening
substance) 957
Titanium dioxide
(colouring) 171
Tocopherols concentrate,
mixed (antioxidant) 306
Tragacanth (thickener,
vegetable gum) 413
Triacetin (humectant) 1518
Triammonium citrate (food
acid) 380
Triethyl citrate
(thickener, vegetable gum) 1505
Turmeric (colouring) 100
violoxanthin 161e - see comment under number
above
Xanthan gum (thickener,
vegetable gum) 415
Xanthophylls yellow
(colouring) 161
Xylitol (humectant,
stabiliser) 967
Yellow 2G (colouring) 107 AVOID