DVD “Fed Up with Children’s Behaviour” by Sue Dengate
Notes and
References
Most of the abstracts and some of the full texts of cited articles are
available from www.pubmed.com
‘Children have changed in the last thirty years
..’ See:
‘Supermarkets now control about 80 per
cent of our food, up from 20% in the 1950s’: see Blythman J. Shopped: the shocking powers
of British supermarkets.
‘As the levels of
potentially harmful food chemicals have slowly increased in our foods… ‘ : from 1955, production of artificial food colours in the
‘New disorders’, such as
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder (GERD), Cough
Variant Asthma (CVA), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional
Defiance Disorder (ODD) and others. In our experience these are all associated
with food intolerance, see below.
‘food additives are not tested for their effects on
children’s learning and behaviour before approval nor monitored afterwards’: Weiss
B. Environmental contaminants and behavior disorders.
Dev Pharmacol Ther. 1987;10(5):346-53. Abstract: The discipline of behavioral toxicology is an acknowledgement that behavioral assessments should play a role in judging the
safety of chemicals. Such a role is emphasized by the toxicological history of
many different classes of substances. These include metals, insecticides,
volatile organic solvents, and even food additives. For all of these, incipient
toxicity often takes the form of subjective complaints that are later followed
by overt impairments. The fetus and young child seem
to be at special risk for substances such as methylmercury
and synthetic food colors, a
susceptibility not fully recognized.
‘Independent scientists
recommend that schools should minimise use of artificial colours and other food
additives that may contribute to behavioural disorders’: Jacobson
MF, Schardt MS. Diet, ADHD and behaviour: a
quarter-century review.
Behavioural
reactions to foods are food intolerance, not food allergy: for the best
explanation of this, see Clarke and others, The
dietary management of food allergy and food intolerance in children and adults,
Aust J Nutr Diet, 1996.
‘Allergy
can be life-threatening’: in a case that sent shockwaves through the education
system, 13-year-old Hamidur Rahman
died at a NSW school camp in 2002 after eating peanut butter in a competition
run by the teachers. Even though his mother had told the school he was allergic
to peanuts, the teachers at the competition didn’t know and an Epi-pen which could have saved his life wasn’t available.
After his death the NSW coroner called for awareness campaigns to inform
teachers, child care workers, parents and children of the risks of food
allergy. The rate of allergies in Western countries has doubled in the past 25
years (figures from the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and
Allergy), and in the
‘…
the most scientific and effective in the world is the
low chemical elimination diet introduced in the
‘In
the
‘The
prevalence of migraines in both adults and children in developed countries has
at least tripled since the 1970s with over 20 per cent of households now
containing at least one migraine sufferer’: Centers
for Disease Control (CDC). Prevalence of chronic migraine
headaches--United States, 1980-1989. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep 1991;40(20):331, 337-8, see also
‘Study shows that migraine prevalence tripled in young children’,
‘…
headaches and migraines are most likely to be
associated with MSG, preservatives, salicylates and amines’ : Loblay RH, Swain AR. 'Food
intolerance'. In Wahlqvist ML, Truswell AS, Recent Advances in Clinical Nutrition.
‘My
head, my head’ … migraines manifest differently in children than in adults.
They are more likely to occur in the middle of the head rather than one side,
and are of shorter duration (1-2 hours) than in adults. The youngest recorded
migraine patient was a 3 month old baby who cried, held his head and vomited.
As he grew older it became clear that these episodes had been related to
migraine, described by Professor James Lance on www.headacheaustralia.org.au
‘
‘eczema and other itchy skin rashes … most likely culprits are preservatives,
salicylates and other additives’ Juhlin L. Recurrent urticaria:
clinical investigation of 330 patients. Br J Dermatol 1981;104(4):369-81;
Loblay RH, Swain AR. 'Food intolerance'. In Wahlqvist ML, Truswell
AS, Recent Advances in Clinical Nutrition.
‘In
‘Irritable
bowel symptoms are now thought to affect about 20 percent of people in
developed countries …’: Francis CY, Whorwell PJ. The irritable bowel
syndrome. Postgrad Med J 1997;73(855):1-7.
‘Any
food chemical can be a problem but some of the most likely suspects …’: Loblay RH, Swain AR. 'Food
intolerance'. In Wahlqvist ML, Truswell AS, Recent Advances in Clinical Nutrition.
Reflux in
both babies and adults: according to an international breastfeeding
association, in recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the number
of babies who are being diagnosed with Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER). http://www.lalecheleague.org/FAQ/ger.html.
Western doctors say this is simply due
to better diagnostic methods but their non-Western counterparts – where
regurgitation is a regarded as a common symptom in healthy infants that
decreases spontaneously with age - report that the nature of gastroesophageal
reflux differs from that in Western infants. Osatakul
S, Sriplung H, Puetpaiboon
A, Junjana CO, Chamnongpakdi
S. Prevalence and natural course of gastroesophageal
reflux symptoms: a 1-year cohort study in Thai infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2002;34(1):63-7; Miyazawa R, Tomomasa
T, Kaneko H, Tachibana A, Ogawa T, Morikawa A.
Prevalence of gastro-esophageal reflux-related symptoms in Japanese infants. Pediatr Int 2002;44(5):513-6. Reflux in adults is common throughout the
Western world. A review found the lowest prevalence in
‘The
sugar free sweeteners such as sorbitol …can cause bloating, gas, stomach cramps
and diarrhoea’: Breitenbach
RA, Simon J. Cases from the aerospace medicine resident teaching file. Case #59. A case of "unbearable"
gremlinenteritis. Aviat
Space Environ Med 1994;65(5):432-3 reported severe diarrhea in a flight
surgeon due to sorbitol; Jain NK, Patel VP, Pitchumoni
CS. Sorbitol intolerance in adults. Prevalence and
pathogenesis on two continents. J Clin Gastroenterol 1987;9(3):317-9, this study found more
than 30 per cent of healthy adults in India and the USA had sorbitol
intolerance and children are thought to be more susceptible.Hill
RE, Kamath KR. "Pink" diarrhoea: osmotic
diarrhoea from a sorbitol-containing vitamin C supplement. Med J Aust 1982;1(9):387-9 reported
months of serious diarrhoea in infants due to a pink coloured
vitamin supplement sweetened with sorbitol. See also the Sugarfree
Sweeteners Factsheet on the website, the Centre
for Science in the Public Interest unsuccessfully petitioned the FDA for more
realistic labelling.
‘Asthma is different
from other food intolerance symptoms because most asthmatics react to only one
or two food additives’: Allen DH, Van Nunen S, Loblay R, Clarke L, A. S. Adverse reactions to food. Med J
Aust 1984;141 (Suppl):37-42; Hodge L,
‘About 20 percent of
asthmatics are affected by salicylates’: Jenkins C, Costello J, Hodge L. Systematic review of
prevalence of aspirin induced asthma and its implications for clinical practice.
Brit Med J 2004;328(7437):434. This review
found that many more adult asthmatics are sensitive to salicylates than are
aware of their sensitivity. While only 3% reported aspirin sensitivity, 21% of
adult asthmatics reacted to oral challenges. Towns SJ, Mellis CM. Role of acetyl salicylic acid and sodium metabisulfite in chronic childhood asthma. Pediatrics
1984;73(5):631-7. This study of children with asthma
also found 20% reacted to salicylates.
‘Most people don’t make the connection
between what they eat and how they are affected unless they see a reaction
within thirty minutes’:
McDonald JR, Mathison DA, Stevenson DD. Aspirin
intolerance in asthma. Detection by oral challenge. J
Allergy Clin Immunol
1972;50(4):198-207. Asthmatics were given an aspirin
tablet they were told was not aspirin. Those who reacted within 30 minutes
blamed the aspirin. Those who reacted more than 30 minutes later (and up to
hours later) didn't make the connection.
‘Sulphite preservatives
are the additives most likely to affect asthmatics’: Fifty-first meeting of the Joint
FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Safety Evaluation of Certain Food
Additives: evaluation of national assessments of sulfur dioxide and sulfites
and addendum.
‘These are all foods
eaten frequently by young children, who also have the highest rates of asthma’
…See Dangers
of Dried Fruit, Sulphites
in Foods factsheets on the website.
It is not well known that sulphites in the body cleave to the thiamine molecule
from either foods or supplements and thus can cause vitamin B1 deficiency
despite vitamin supplementation – even causing death – which is why sulphites
in meat were banned in the
‘Other additives that
can affect asthmatics include benzoate preservatives in drinks and medication’:
Freedman BJ. Asthma induced
by sulphur dioxide, benzoate and tartrazine
contained in orange drinks. Clin Allergy
1977;7(5):407-15.
‘… including
asthma medication … and this is something that some doctors are starting to
complain about’: Balatsinou L, Di Gioacchino
G, Sabatino G, Cavallucci
E, Caruso R, E. G. Asthma worsened by benzoate contained in some antiasthmatic drugs. Int
J Immunopathol Pharmacol
2004;17(2):225-6; Petrus
M, Bonaz S, Causse E, Rhabbour M, Moulie N, Netter JC,
et al. Asthmé et intolérance
aux benzoates. Arch Pédiatr 1996;3(10):984-7
reports the case of a child who was diagnosed with asthma around her first
birthday and medicated continuously for some years despite experiencing severe
asthma attacks about once a month. Oral challenges revealed she was sensitive
to benzoates in her asthma medication as well as some food and drinks. At
follow up 12 months later she was found to be avoiding benzoates and asthma
free.
‘Since the 1970s the number of children
on stimulant drugs for behaviour or learning difficulties has increased
40-fold’: see http://www.wildestcolts.com/mentalhealth/colorado2.html for data showing that the
number of children on psychiatric stimulant drugs today in the USA (7,000,000)
is 40 times the number in 1970 (175,000). And it’s happening in
‘Anti-depressant drugs … including 3000
prescriptions for Prozac written for babies under the age of 12 months in 1994
in the USA’: in Zito
JM, Safer DJ, dosReis S, Gardner JF, Boles M, Lynch
F. Trends in the prescribing of psychotropic medications to preschoolers. Jama 2000;283(8):1025-30.
The wildestcolts
website above reported 735,000 children ages 6-18 on Prozac and related
anti-depressants in 1996, up 80% since 1994, and the most recent figure
available is 1,664,000 antidepressant prescriptions for children in 1998.
‘When I mention behaviour most people
think of hyperactivity but there’s a huge range of symptoms’, see Feingold BF. Dietary
management of nystagmus. J Neural Transm 1979;45:107-115.
When
800
Since
1945 there has been a tenfold increase in major depression: Seligman M quoted
in Buie J. ‘Me’ decades generate depression. APA Monitor 1988;
Depression
can be associated with food chemicals: Parker G, Watkins T. Treatment-resistant
depression: when antidepressant drug intolerance may indicate food intolerance.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2002;36(2):263-5; Murphy
P, Likhodii S, Nylen K,
Burnham WM. The antidepressant properties of the ketogenic diet. Biol
Psychiatry 2004;56(12):981-3.
‘Everyone
thinks that hyperactivity is the main behavioural effect of food chemicals but
it isn’t, it’s irritability’:
Although
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) was first described in the 17th century
and has been long been associated with Parkinsons
Disease, it has only been regarded as a common disorder in the last ten years.
It is thought to affect about 10 per cent of the population in Western
countries, runs in families, and is commonly associated with other symptoms of
food intolerance, from reflux to ADHD and depression. RLS is rarely recognised
as a side effect of food chemicals although the relationship to medications is
well understood. Phillips B, Hening W, Britz P, Mannino D. Prevalence
and correlates of restless legs syndrome: results from the 2005 National Sleep
Foundation Poll. Chest 2006;129(1):76-80; Phillips B, Young T, Finn L, Asher K, Hening WA, Purvis C. Epidemiology of restless legs symptoms
in adults. Arch Intern Med 2000;160(14):2137-41.
Sleep
disturbance: in 2005, 69 per cent of children in the
‘…
so if you only avoid colours, you’re not going to see
a lot of difference’: The following successful studies used diets which avoided
many more foods and food chemicals than artificial colours: Swain A, Soutter V, Loblay R,
Children
can be oppositional and defiant without having oppositional defiance disorder
(ODD), see http://www.behavenet.com/capsules/disorders/odd.htm.
They don’t have to be diagnosed with ODD to improve on diet.
‘Since
the 1970s, rates of autism are thought to have increased tenfold in the
‘The
researcher concluded that a broad spectrum of severe autistic
symptoms were “fully reversible”: Slimak K.
Reduction of autistic traits following dietary intervention and elimination of
exposure to environmental substances. Proceedings of 2003 International
Symposium on Indoor Air Quality and Health Hazards, National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences, USA, and Architectural Institute of Japan,
Tokyo, Japan 2003;2:206-216. Abstract: Effects of environmental exposure were
isolated and studied in 49 autistic children. Elimination of food-related
reactions entirely allowed effects of environmental chemicals to be thoroughly
studied indefinitely in the absence of food-related symptoms. Initially
unaffected by social contexts, the autistic subjects acted out the ways they
were affected by their environment without the altering effects of societal
influences; and severity of the adverse effects made observation and study
easier. There was a strong correlation (P<.000) between environmental
exposure levels and autistic symptoms and behaviors.
There appeared to be nothing inherently wrong with autistic children studied.
The children in the program (universal diet and clean room) returned to normal
physically, in temperament, in awareness of surroundings and others, in
emotions and empathy, and in ability to learn. Based on the results of the
present study, a broad spectrum of severe and chronic autistic symptoms appear
to be environmentally based, apparently caused by chronic exposure to volatile
organic compounds, and appear to be fully reversible in the proper environment.
‘It’s
not only autistic kids who are affected by VOCs’: a
large-scale prospective study in England found depression and health problems
in mothers and children related to VOCs such as cleaning
products, and airfresheners: Farrow A, Taylor H, Northstone K, Golding J. Symptoms
of mothers and infants related to total volatile organic compounds in household
products. Arch Environ Health 2003;58(10):633-41.
KITCHEN SCENE
Nasty
additives: Hanssen M. Additive Code Breaker.
The
bread preservative: Dengate S, Ruben A. Controlled
trial of cumulative behavioural effects of a common bread preservative. J Paediatr Child Health 2002;38(4):373-6;
Swain A, Soutter V, Loblay
R,
The
association between the very high levels of propionic acid seen in some
metabolic diseases and severe neurological problems are well recognised in paediatric
medicine. A number of studies in rats suggest that early administration of
propionic acid - in doses only 4 times higher than could be expected from bread
alone in the diet for a child in Australia -
alters normal development and induces long-lasting behavioural deficits,
and that administration of ascorbic acid can prevent the behavioural
alterations provoked by propionic acid, yet food regulators continue to ignore
the safety issues of this preservative: Brusque AM, Mello CF, Buchanan DN, Terracciano ST, Rocha MP, Vargas CR, et al. Effect of
chemically induced propionic acidemia on neurobehavioral development of rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1999;64(3):529-34; Brusque AM, Terracciano
ST, Fontella FU, Vargas C, da
Silva CG, Wyse AT, et al. Chronic administration of propionic acid reduces
ganglioside N-acetylneuraminic acid concentration in
cerebellum of young rats. J Neurol Sci 1998;158(2):121-4; Trindade
VM, Brusque AM, Raasch JR, Pettenuzzo
LE, Rocha HP, Wannmacher CM, et al. Ganglioside
alterations in the central nervous system of rats chronically injected with methylmalonic and propionic acids. Metab
Brain Dis 2002;17(2):93-102;
Fontella FU, Pulrolnik V, Gassen E, Wannmacher CM,
Salicylates:
see salicylate section of advanced workshop, below.
Amines:
see amine section of advanced workshop, below.
‘A2
milk contains a different kind of protein’: www.a2australia.com.au
Synthetic
antioxidants and the 5% labelling loophole: at the time of writing, Logan Farm
frozen chips were free of BHA but we couldn’t find any at our local
supermarkets.
A
lot of people think that sugar causes children’s behaviour problems. It
doesn’t: Wolraich ML,
Failsafe
lollies without nasty additives: www.smashi.com, www.sweettreats.com.au
‘Most
people aren’t aware that a craving for sugar can actually be salicylate
reaction’. See salicylate section in advanced workshop below, especially
salicylate-induced hypoglycaemia.
‘Some
low perfume products’ see full list in Product Updates on the website.
DIETITIANS LIST and RECIPE BOOKLET
You
can write to confoodnet@ozemail.com.au
for the list of supportive dietitians.
See
the free Failsafe Booklet (downloadable
pdf file) as a companion to the DVD by Sue Dengate.
ADVANCED WORKSHOP
Salicylates
Salicylates
are chemicals in plants that protect against pests and diseases and possibly
function as plant hormones. Documented reactions to salicylates in oral or
topical medications include skin rashes, asthma, gastric irritation, urinary
and fecal incontinence, cardiac abnormalities and arrythmias and a wide range of central nervous system
effects such as tinnitus, diminished short term memory and hearing, insomnia,
agitation, aggression, irritability, coordination difficulties, rapid heart
rate, anorexia (loss of appetite) and lethargy, as well as hypoglycaemia, which
has been associated with ingestion of salicylate in subtoxic
doses.
Effects
can be different in children, and in 1966, a Dr Bywaters described the case of
a young patient who attacked him with a knife while ‘under the influence of
salicylates’ (reported in Schaller 1978, below). These reactions have been
documented for nearly a hundred years, and reports in the medical literature
frequently suggest that the effects of chronic salicylate toxicity are
under-recognised. Arena FP, Dugowson
C, Saudek CD. Salicylate-induced
hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis in a nondiabetic adult. Arch Intern Med 1978;138(7):1153-4; Bailey RB, Jones SR. Chronic salicylate
intoxication. A common cause of morbidity in the elderly.
J Am Geriatr Soc 1989;37(6):556-61;
Bell AJ, Duggin G. Acute methyl salicylate toxicity
complicating herbal skin treatment for psoriasis. Emerg
Med (Fremantle) 2002;14(2):188-90; Brubacher
JR, Hoffman RS. Salicylism from topical salicylates: review of the literature.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996;34(4):431-6; Courts NF. Salicylism in
the elderly: "a little aspirin never hurt anybody"! Geriatr Nurs 1996;17(2):55-9; Lemesh RA. Accidental
chronic salicylate intoxication in an elderly patient: major morbidity despite
early recognition. Vet Hum Toxicol 1993;35(1):34-6;
The
same reactions and many others not listed can also be induced by salicylates in
foods. Feingold suggested that a variety of ‘neurologic and neuromuscular
disturbances (grand mal, petit mal, psychomotor seizures; La Tourette syndrome;
autism; retardation; the behavioural component of Down's syndrome; and
oculomotor disturbances)’ as well as the signs of the hyperkinetic syndrome
could be induced by synthetic food colours, flavours and preservatives and
foods containing the natural salicylate radical. Others have shown the success
of diets which exclude salicylates. Breakey J, Hill M, Reilly C, Connell H. A
report on a trial of the low additive, low salicylate diet in the treatment of
behaviour and learning problems in children. Aust J Nutr
Diet 1991;48(3):89-94; Feingold BF. Dietary
management of nystagmus. J Neural Transm
1979;45:107-115; Fitzsimon M, Holborow
P, Berry P, Latham S. Salicylate sensitivity in children reported to respond to
salicylate exclusion. Med J Aust 1978;2(12):570-2.; Noid HE, Schulze TW, Winkelmann
RK. Diet plan for patients with salicylate-induced urticaria. Arch Dermatol
1974;109(6):866-9; Swain AR, Dutton SP,
Amines
Biogenic
amines such as tyramine and histamine are caused by the breakdown of protein
products. They are normally broken down in the body by an enzyme called
monoamine oxidase but people who are taking drugs which inhibit this reaction
(called Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors or MAOIs) can
experience a range of unpleasant and even life-threatening symptoms from the
build up of amines, so amine containing foods are documented in the medical
literature in relationship to these drugs, see McCabe BJ. Dietary tyramine and
other pressor amines in MAOI regimens: a review. J Am Diet Assoc 1986;86(8):1059-64. Any protein food can form amines through
protein breakdown due to ageing, storage, handling, cooking, fermentation or
ripening, so website lists are usually incomplete and there’s an interesting
website at http://www.dr-bob.org/tips/maoi.html
concluding that with amines, it’s better to err on the side of caution. The
recent change in meat distribution in Australian supermarkets has caused major
problems for amine sensitive consumers since vacuum packing has been shown to
inhibit the growth of bacteria but not the development of amines in meat and
other products: Nadon CA, Ismond
MA, Holley R. Biogenic amines in vacuum-packaged and carbon dioxide-controlled
atmosphere-packaged fresh pork stored at -1.50 degrees C. J Food Prot
2001;64(2):220-7; Emborg J, Laursen
BG, Dalgaard P. Significant histamine formation in
tuna (Thunnus albacares) at
2 degrees C--effect of vacuum- and modified atmosphere-packaging on psychrotolerant bacteria. Int J
Food Microbiol 2005;101(3):263-79.
Natural glutamates
Tasty
foods can contain natural glutamates in varying quantities and these glutamates
will be concentrated by processing. Some of the highest naturally occurring
glutamates are found in tomato juice, soy sauce, parmesan cheese and roquefort cheese. Even green peas
contain small amounts, but we’re talking about the difference between 200 mg
per serve compared with up to 5-10 grams per serve in a Chinese restaurant
meal. (source: www.msgfacts.com,
be warned, this is an industry-funded website. To restore your sense of balance
after visiting it, you can see www.truthinlabeling.com)
Added flavours
There
are thousands of permitted flavours but they are considered to be trade secrets
so there are no names, they don’t have be declared on labels and consumers
can’t find out what they are. One problem with this is that under the 5%
labelling loophole, food manufactures can hide artificial colours and
preservatives in the flavour additives without declaring them on the label, as
revealed in a recent current affairs TV show. Natural flavours are made up of
lots of different chemical compounds – for instance, about 50 in a strawberry
flavour including some salicylates and benzoates - and they can be re-created
in a laboratory. See Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal
by Eric Schlosser (Houghton Mifflin, 2001) for a fascinating and highly recommended
account on pages 122-129 of Schlosser’s tour of the vast International Flavours
and Fragrances laboratories in
Dairy products
A
lot of families thinking of doing the diet now switch to a2 milk from the
beginning because it is so easy. If you can’t get a2 milk in a nearby
supermarket and have to travel, you can buy it in bulk and freeze it. In the
www.a2australia.com.au or www.buffalohouse.co.uk. For people who improve on a2 milk, there is a
chance of improving even more on soy or ricemilk.
Gluten
Some
people have a lifelong sensitivity to gluten called coeliac disease in which gluten
damages the lining of the small intestine, although it often remains
undiagnosed. Risk factors for coeliac disease include chronic low grade
diarrhoea, iron deficient anemia, a relative with
coeliac disease or type 1 diabetes; patchy baldness
(alopecia areata) and male or female infertility. Since eating gluten during
coeliac disease can lead to osteoporosis and/or bowel cancer, it’s worth having
a blood test if you think you’re at risk. It is also possible to have gluten
intolerance that isn’t coeliac disease, and this can cause the full range of
food intolerance symptoms including behaviour and depression. Gluten
intolerance is much less common than sensitivity to the other food chemicals
we’ve talked about so it’s not necessary to avoid gluten during your
elimination diet unless you think you have a very good reason to do it. One of
the problems with gluten free diets is that many gluten free products such as
corn and potato flours contain sulphite residues from processing, so if you
develop asthma - or your symptoms get worse - after going gluten free, make
sure you are avoiding sulphites as well.
A recent survey in the
School canteens
See
Factsheet:
School tuckshop help
Perfumed products and
other environmental chemicals
See
the free downloadable Failsafe Booklet
for recommended fragrance free personal and cleaning products and see: Koger SM, Schettler T, Weiss B.
Environmental toxicants and developmental disabilities: a challenge for
psychologists. Am Psychol 2005;60(3):243-55.
Abstract: Developmental, learning, and behavioral
disabilities are a significant public health problem. Environmental chemicals
can interfere with brain development during critical periods, thereby impacting
sensory, motor, and cognitive function. Because regulation in the United States
is based on limited testing protocols and essentially requires proof of harm
rather than proof of lack of harm, some undefined fraction of these
disabilities may reflect adverse impacts of this "vast toxicological
experiment" (H. L. Needleman, as quoted in B. Weiss & P. J. Landrigan, 2000, p. 373). Yet the hazards of environmental
pollutants are inherently preventable. Psychologists can help prevent
developmental disabilities by mobilizing and affecting public policy, educating
and informing consumers, contributing to interdisciplinary research efforts,
and taking action within their own homes and communities to reduce the toxic
threat to children.
BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT
1,2,3- Magic program available from www.parentmagic.com
In
DIETITIANS LIST
You
can write to confoodnet@ozemail.com.au
for the list of supportive dietitians.
RECIPES AND SUPPORT
The
Failsafe Booklet by Sue Dengate available as a free downloadable pdf file to support the DVD.
